Essay about Democracy - 1421 Words

Like a living organism, democracy must be born into a time where the parents, circumstances, are right to understand the potential of such a child, democracy, and the soil, society, may be described as the type of state that is ready to accept and nurture that child. Metaphors aside, democracy has been noted to provide a better opportunity for human development. Democracy is also commonly defined as a political system that is associated with free and fair elections. A democratic regime simply refers to a system of governance that places sovereignty in the citizen’s hands which allow them to contribute to the process of decision-making through their elected officials. Democracy is not as old as many may originally think. As recent as 1974,†¦show more content†¦These breakdowns can occur through military action, a seizure of power by the opposition, or a collapse of the state. When a collapse occurs, the state cannot coerce and is unable to successfully control the inha bitants of the given territory. Diamond conveys an important reason why some authoritarian regimes lose domestic legitimacy. The citizens of a state may not be confident in their government when â€Å"†¦ they fulfill their self-proclaimed missions and become redundant or when they completely fail to do so and clearly cannot deliver,† (Diamond 91). Failures of dictatorial regimes in countries like Greece and Argentina were a result of bad economic or political performances. Another example of authoritarian failure occurred in Africa in the early 1990s. Most African countries were severely set back because of massive foreign debts. In order to pay back some of these loans, many governments of these African countries would use almost four times their export earnings leaving the government with no funds to provide basic services for its citizens. These failures were not just economic but political as well. It got to a point where these â€Å"†¦ authoritarian states bec ame too broke to buy off their opposition and too exhausted to repress them, protests escalated,† (Diamond 93). These protests had prompted not just a change in the leader, but a change in theShow MoreRelatedDemocracy Is Not A Democracy1297 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Democracy... while it lasts is more bloody than either aristocracy or monarchy. Remember, democracy never lasts long. It soon wastes, exhausts, and murders itself. There is never a democracy that did not commit suicide.† said by John Adams Defines our country s government to a tea Democracy commonly refers to a type of political system in which the people or their representatives lawfully govern themselves, rather than being governed, say, by a military dictatorship, totalitarian party or monarchRead MoreDemocracy : Democracy Vs. Democracy1589 Words   |  7 PagesDemocracy is a Greek invention, first practiced in the ancient Greek city of Athens. In the late 20th century, Democracy triumphed over all ot her major ideological systems, so overpowering was its victory that former critics now began to advocate their own democratic credentials. The vigorous rise of democracy has continued ever since and today there are over 112 self-proclaimed democratic countries around the world(Kekic 2007), whether all these countries are truly democratic or not is debatableRead MoreDemocracy And Its Impact On Democracy965 Words   |  4 Pages How are they related to democracy, concepts discuss the procedures that make democracy possible. Democracy related to our lives by looking for the right thing to do, for every one of us have equality and freedom of speech, we could have multiple ideas it might change the ideology of the country, we also could related the democracy by looking at the facts. 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Unfortunately, there is no perfectRead MoreDemocracy And Its Effect On Democracy894 Words   |  4 PagesDemocracy in its most basic form is a type of governing system ruled by the citizens of a particular society. The first form of democracy can be found in ancient Greece, and the modern form of Democracy was established in part by the French revolution because it brought bac k the idea of rule by the people. Although, for most of history democracy was not viewed in a positive light. According to Mintz, Close, and Croci many people feared democracy because they thought the masses would not act withRead MoreDemocracy And Its Effect On Democracy Essay2111 Words   |  9 PagesOver the past quarter-century, democracy has stood at the center of political debate in many countries and it is a constant concern of the political and social sciences. Since its origins in ancient Greece, democracy was seen as a form of government where power was exercised by the people, that is, where political decisions were made by the majority. Today, democracy enjoys great recognition, but it is important to bear in mind that where democracy is now the preferred constitution, we can not forgetRead MoreDemocracy And Its Lack Of Democracy2099 Words   |  9 Pagesoligarchy, democracy, and tyranny. Most shocking critique throughout the discussion is about democracy and its ineff ectiveness to rule. Plato’s disagreement of democracy does not involve of what we are acquainted with today, but rather the idea of democracy. Plato explores the central strain of the government that is acknowledged with liberty and fairness. Also, this form of government known for its embracement of freedom and equality. Plato’s description and disagreement about democracy is correctRead MoreDemocracy843 Words   |  4 PagesDemocracy Essay 1 Democracy is a means for the people to choose their leaders and to hold their leaders accountable for their policies and their conduct in office. The key role of citizens in a democracy is to participate in public life. Democracy is also a system of rule by laws, not by individuals. Democracy is not a government. It is a way of thinking and a responsibility

Cuba’s Environmental Problems Free Essays

string(84) " scale and bring the advantages of mechanization and modern scientific agriculture\." When socialism was introduced to Cuba, the idea was that it would be more eco-friendly than capitalism. Instead, the Revolution to quickly controlled two major factors that eventually led to environmental problems in developing countries: population growth and poverty. Contributing to the issue of poverty in Cuba are the financial, economic and commercial blockades imposed by the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Cuba’s Environmental Problems or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to preserve the environment in Cuba and combat these issues, serious action was necessary. The amount of environmental damage falls into two categories: a) small-scale environmental destruction committed by individuals through illegal hunting, deforestation, dumping of waste into aquatic ecosystems, etc. ; or b) large-scale environmental destruction resulting from major projects and industries approved by governmental agencies and owned by international companies, like hotel chains and mining companies after the Special Period, and agriculture before the Special Period†. [1] The opportunity for Cuba to protect its environment came after the fall of the Soviet Union and the strengthening of the US blockade in 1990. This period, referred to as the Special Period (1990-2000), witnessed a decrease in many environmentally damaging activities both by choice and by necessity, but also resulted in many decisions to resuscitate the Cuban economy. After the Earth Summit in 1992, following Fidel Castro’s speech regarding the condition of the environment on a global scale, Cuba designed and implemented a variety of programs, administrative structures, and public awareness activities to promote sound environmental management and sustainable development. What is most important is the damage that ahs already been done and the efforts to reverse these conditions. Currently, there are many efforts to bring the Cuban environment to a sustainable level. When the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe ended trade and financial relationships with Cuba, the island was forced to make severe adjustments. The emergency measures implemented by the Cuban government aimed at preventing the total economic collapse of the regime, have been referred to by the leadership as the â€Å"special period in peacetime. † This Special Period brought about â€Å"the creation of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA) in 1994 [which] provided an important impetus for environmental policy and management on a national scale. †[2] In 1995 the National Environmental Strategy (EAN) was designed, but was not approved by the government until 1997. Since then the EAN â€Å"is the guiding document of Cuban environmental policy, establishing the principles upon which the national environmental efforts are based. †[3] The strategy identifies the main environmental issues in Cuba and proposes ideas and various methods to prevent, solve or minimize these problems. The strategy goals are to improve environmental protection and the use of natural resources in an attempt to meet sustainable social and economic development objectives. Evaluations of Cuba’s environmental record in comparison with Eastern European records shows â€Å"that environmental deterioration in Cuba over more than three decades of socialist rule responded to specific conditions not usually found in developing countries†¦ but were present in the former Soviet Union and the former Eastern European socialist countries. [4] As a result of this, Kirwin Shaffer states that: Consequently, central planning ignored local environmental concerns. Also, the absence of private ownership and the lack of citizen input in decision making meant that all decisions affecting the local level were made with regard to how they fit with the overall national plan. Results and impacts at the local level were secondary. Which leads to these conclusions: Cuban agricultural and industrial development following the Soviet models have had similar consequences for water, soil and air pollution as found in Europe. 5] The current Cuban stance that attempts to blame the USSR for these effects in Cuba benefits Cuba’s political system because it takes the blame away from the state, but it is not served by the historical record. The glorified â€Å"greening† of Cuba during the 1990s has beneficial impacts over the short term, but, according to Diaz-Briquets and Perez-Lopez, economic costs and turns toward a development model based on tourism may soon erode those short-term gains. Cuba’s pollution and contamination problems are widespread, and not completely the result of Soviet-style development projects. Yet, there is no doubt that many of the current environmental problems in Cuba result mainly from sovietization of the Cuban economy. Soil erosion and soil degradation are the main problems in agriculture. These problems started primarily due to the intensification of mechanized agriculture and the use of petrochemical herbicides and pesticides. [6] Agriculture is just one of the many environmental issues the island faces. In terms of the land, â€Å"the harm caused by permanent crops to these lands is primarily due to a lack of crop rotation causing soil depletion, poor agro-technical management and insufficient fertility measures. †[7] In 1970 La zafra de los diez millones, took place, in which the Cuban government attempted to break all historic sugar production records by producing a ten million ton sugar harvest. [8] The government fell short of their goal by two tons, but by this point the damage was already done. Because crops take so much nutrients from the land, farmers alternate crops each year to allow the land to recover. During la zafra de los diez millones crops were not alternated which took a heavy toll on the land. In Cuba, poorly designed and implemented agricultural development policies have been a major contributor to the degradation of the country’s soils: Soil degradation continued apace with the agricultural practices that came to prevail in Cuba during the first half of the twentieth century as more and more virgin islands were brought under sugarcane and livestock production. There is mounting evidence that the pace of soil deterioration intensified during the second half of the century, principally because of the widespread adoption of modern agricultural practices, particularly from the 1960s to the late 1980s. As in the Soviet Union and other socialist economies, the collectivization of the rural sector was regarded as necessary for achieving the goals of a centrally planned command economy. Collectivization would make possible economies of scale and bring the advantages of mechanization and modern scientific agriculture. You read "Cuba’s Environmental Problems" in category "Papers" 9] After the collectivization of land agrarian reforms were implemented to return the land to the state and to its’ citizens. But this shift in land ownership could have major environmental implications, especially after the fall of the Soviet Union. After the Soviets left Cuba, Cuban farming suffered a shortage of imported agricultural goods; leaving Cuban farmers to use traditional farming practices and some more modern techniques (such as rip irrigation) that are more environmentally friendly: The post-Soviet agricultural model is less dependent on imported agricultural practices that had been abandoned for their alleged backwardness: the large-scale use of beasts of burden, increased reliance on organic fertilizers and biological pest controls, the abandonment of marginal soils that had been brought under cultivation and made productive only by the intensive use of agricultural inputs, and a shift of urban labor to the countryside. [10] According to Diaz-Briquets and Perez-Lopez, more important than this change in agricultural practices, is that transferring the control of lands to farmers who are closely tied it, â€Å"and whose economic well-being will depend on the stewardship of the natural resource base, there is the expectation that the trend of soil deterioration†¦. may at least be slowed down†¦. [but] it is too early tell how successful the new agricultural policies will be. †[11] At this point, many of Cuba’s natural resources are in danger of extinction. Because Cuba has exported sugarcane as its main commodity, sugarcane has replaced natural flora and fauna. There was a time before 1959 when over 30 different kinds of bananas grew on the island, but most of the banana trees have been replaced by sugarcane. Cuba’s crops and animals have been affected by pests and diseases introduced from abroad; coastal pollution and excessive hunting also present severe threats to wildlife populations. [12] Water aquifers have been contaminated by pollutants (and saltwater on the coasts) and their levels are declining due to nearly unrestricted use. Similarly, waterflows reaching the coasts are also highly contaminated, which constantly hurts coral reefs and breeding grounds. Dam and reservoir construction has hurt coastal lagoons and mangroves: Cuba’s fresh water system (rivers/lakes/aquifers) has very serious problems. Under Castro’s policy of voluntad hidraulica, which called for not a single drop of fresh water to â€Å"be lost† to the ocean, the government has built over 1,000 large and small dams throughout the entire island, covering 1. 4% of Cuba’s territory. Although the benefits to Cuban agriculture are clear in terms of increased irrigated land (close to 1 million hectares), the ecological effect has been quite negative in terms of lowering the water’s oxygen level and increasing salinity. Dams have also blocked the dispersal of sediment and fresh water runoff over mangrove areas, contributing to a 30% average reduction of mangrove coverage and biodiversity loss[13] In fact, â€Å"the bays of Cuba are some of the most polluted in the world. Industrial, agricultural and human discharges into the sea, as well as deforestation for strip mining, have contributed to the pollution. [14] Water diversion to reservoirs is linked to the â€Å"virtual destruction of the oyster bed and major decline in the fish catch in the Casilda coastal region of southern Santa Clara Province. †[15] These factors, along with the excessive use of aquifer waters and wells used for sugar and citrus irrigation are contributing to the salinization of the water in Cuba. â€Å"Extensive water logging of coastal aquifers has lead to salinization and soil erosion. It has been estimated in 1991 that 600,000 ha have light to modest salinization levels, while the remainder show high levels of salinization. [16] The main source of water pollution lies in the industrial facilities, warehouses, and workshops and service entities located around the bay. Fifty-three industrial facilities are located in the immediate proximity of the bay, and another 84 industries produce waste that indirectly discharges into the bay through tributary streams. [17] These industrial areas include the port and the nickel industries that add to the contamination of the water supply. The port activity itself is also one of the major sources of contamination for the bay. It is estimated that the ships served in the port generate 150,000 tons of refuse per year. 18] Deforestation is also a factor contributing to the poor state of Cuba’s environment. Forests have not suffered nearly as much as the land, with conservation efforts bringing Cuba’s forests back to their 1945 levels, but conservation of forests has not meant saving all woodlands. One of the main problems environmentalists have with deforestation in Cuba is the fact that many of the available estimates regarding how much of the original forest cover remained before the revolution are based on rough figures made by observers with no credible statistical information. According to Eudel Eduardo Cepero: The irrational use of forests has become common practice under the Castro regime. As no current data are available on the actual total area of cover forest, the value of Cuba’s forest resources is unknown. Most of the remaining natural forests are in poor condition from being overexploited. An average of 200 forest fires occur each year, affecting some 5,000 hectares of forest. Reforestation has been precarious, due to poor quality seeds, a low survival rate of plantings, and a narrow range of forest species utilized. 19] The National Environmental Strategy offers statistics to support Cepero’s claims by offering statistical information, but not listing sources to verify its facts; it also states that the forests in Cuba have grown over the last few years, but that there is still much work to be done with regards to improving the forest cover in Cuba: Although the forest cover has increased constantly in the recent years – in th e last 43 years increasing to a total coverage of 2, 696, 587. 9 hectares, bringing us to a forested index of 24. 54% in 2005 – after-effects still persist from years of irrational exploitation of Cuban forests which practically eradicated our most valuable woodland resources†¦. Problems persist with the quality of most native forests as a consequence of prior mismanagement and exploitation – particularly in the most important watersheds. Problems also exist in the nation’s seedbed sources, which do not meet productivity or quality expectations. In addition, a lack of updated forest management plans, insufficient silviculture of forested areas, and insufficiencies and deficiencies in management plans continue to present challenges[20] The EAN suggests that more work be done to investigate invasive plant species that re threatening the native plants. It says that the survival rate of tree plantations and the success rate of trees growing to full maturity have improved over the last few years, but that the numbers are still substantially low when compared to the anticipated numbers. Also, the range of forest species used in â€Å"forestry activities† has been inadequate. Also suffering from the effects of sovietization and the special period is the biological diversity of the island. â€Å"A substantial, unquantified loss of biodiversity exists, due, among other reasons, to improper management of certain ecosystems, the application of intensive farming, the marketing of endangered species, as well as conditions making it easy for important genetic resources to leave the countryâ€Å". 21] Coral reefs, mangroves, the original forest (which used to cover most of the island) and rainforests are ecosystems that are suffering in Cuba. According to the EAN, the leading causes of this loss of biodiversity are: [1] Changes, fragmentation, or destruction of habitat/ecosystems/landscapes due primarily to changes in land use and inadequate practices employed in fishing, harvest, and agricultural soil preparation, among others. Overexploitation of resources, for example fishing and forestry resources. [3] Degradation and contamination of soils, water, and the atmosphere. 4] Introduction of exotic invasive species that displace or affect the functioning of ecosystems and native species. [5]Insufficient regulatory and control mechanisms to prevent and punish illegal activities, including unlawful hunting and fishing, trade in threatened species and other natural resources. [6]Climate change and the resulting intensification of dry periods, the incidence of torrential rains, temperature increase, sea level rise, in addition to the intensity and frequency of extreme natural disasters such as hurricanes. [7] Forest fires. [22] The EAN lists the goals it wishes to achieve and the necessary steps that should be taken in order to achieve these goals. Among these goals are increasing the amount of forest coverage to 26. 7% of national territory; have one million hectares of forest maintained by the National System of Criterion and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management; complete National Forestry Planning in 2007; reduce amount of lands affected by forest fires; 69% of forest cover used as a buffer to protect coastal areas, soils, water and conservation forests; management program for invasive plant species. 23] Before the Special Period much of the air pollution in Cuba was the result of its’ dependence on Soviet and Eastern European vehicles and factories that were contaminating the air: Urban pollution, could be partly traced to Cuba’s extreme reliance on inefficient and highly contaminating Soviet and Eastern European-built vehicles and factories. In the agricultural sector, a practice that resulted in much environmental damage was the promotion of Sovietstyle, large-scale state farm production model based on widespread mechanization, heavy chemical inputs (e. . , fertilizers and herbicides), and extensive irrigation[24] Air pollution in Cuba has increased significantly in the years since the Soviets left the island. â€Å" The absence of mitigation measures for emissions, inadequate control measures on the levels of noise generated by different activities, scarce information about the harmful effects on health and social behavior, the poor technical state of transport, and a lack of standards for emissions are also present. [25] There are few environmental reports available to the public that are based on analytical information that is collected systematically in the field and processed in laboratories. Cuban scientists state that: The two main sources of sulfuric gases within the city limits are the old thermal power plants of Tallapiedra in the Old Havana neighborhood and the Antonio Maceo plant in Regla, across the Bay of Havana. In both of these neighborhoods they recorded the highest level of environmental pollution, measuring up to 7. milligrams of sulfides per square decimeter per day at the Tallapiedra Power Plant†¦. Three secondary sources in the metallurgic, chemical and construction ind ustries were also associated with air pollution, all of them located in the environs of Havana Bay. [26] The Ministry of Public Health, better endowed for this purpose than other branches of government, has produced or published few precise documents dealing with health conditions and environmental degradation. Sulfur oxides, undesirable residues of combustion that are produced mostly in power plants when sulfur-rich fuels are burned, create respiratory problems and cause acid rain. Cuba replaced part of the vanished Soviet fuel imports of the late 1980s with domestic crude containing roughly six percent sulfur. It is used mostly in power plants and to run cement factories. [27] Diaz-Briquets and Perez-Lopez point out that the means of transportation in Cuba are getting old and, due to poor maintenance and inadequate resources to obtain parts, they are polluting and becoming harmful to the environment. Their conclusion is that â€Å"As long as the economic crisis continues, Cuba will not be able to modernize its fleet of cars, trucks, and buses (other than for those few vehicles serving the tourist industry)†. [28] If the Cuban government would allow media to spread environmental education to the citizens of Cuba and to the rest of the world, not only would it help efforts within Cuba to protect and improve the environment but it would also help efforts to improve the environment on a global level. The strategy points out that Article 27 of the Constitution of the Republic says: The state protects the nation’s environment and natural resources and recognizes their close relationship with sustainable economic and social development to make human life more rational and to ensure the survival, well being and security of present and future generations. It is the responsibility of proper governmental agencies to apply this policy. It is the duty of the citizens to contribute to the protection of the water, atmosphere, and the conservation of soil, wild flora and fauna and all the rich potential of nature. [29] Since Cuba has declared a national sovereignty over its natural resources and is actively working to restore and protect them, the state must also exercise rights over the country’s environment and resources. Similarly, Cuba must develop a national tendency towards â€Å"integrated natural resource management, commercial environmental management, and urban environmental management as fundamental traits of Cuban environmental management. †[30] The current embargo the United States has placed on Cuba keeps the island from growing economically. Which means that , since the economy is not changing or being stimulated, the people of Cuba are suffering. Meaning, because man poor, urban people cannot afford daily necessities, they resort to alternate ways to get everyday goods; even if it means depleting the natural resources. With the current government in Cuba and the restrictions caused by the embargo, it is hard to think that the Cuban environment will improve much in the next decade or two; but the National Environmental Strategy offers hope to the idea that Cuba’s environment will improve. The â€Å"National Environment Strategy 2007-2010† is dedicated to improving the environmental conditions of Cuba and finding a way to meet sustainable social and economic development goals. The eradication of extreme poverty is an achievement rooted in the very foundations of the revolutionary process. Achieving this is essential to the pursuit of environmental sustainability, first and foremost because extreme poverty cannot coexist with a healthy environment. The solution to this challenge is one of the principal achievements that Cuba can effectively show to the world. 31] The future of environmental reforms in Cuba will be influenced by a variety of cultural, economic, social, and political factors. Ultimate success or failure, however, will likely depend more on thorough laws, money, human capital, public involvement in environmental decision making, use of incentive-based tools, and international support. Strong environmental laws are a necessary foundation for sustaina ble development, but success will only occur with the continuing political will to implement and enforce them. How to cite Cuba’s Environmental Problems, Papers

Continue to remind society Essay Example For Students

Continue to remind society Essay According to Linden Lewis, the work on masculinity in the Caribbean is underdeveloped but what emerges from the literature is a characterization of men and masculinity which views the Caribbean male as powerful, exceedingly promiscuous, derelict in his parental responsibilities, absent from the household and when present fails to take any responsibility for domestic chores. The Caribbean male also comes across in this literature as possessing a propensity for female battering and a demonstrated valorization of alcohol and drug consumption. While this might be true for some Caribbean men, it is obviously not true for all. The Caribbean male is also defined in terms of the distinction between hegemonic masculinity and other subordinated forms of masculinity. Hegemonic masculinity refers to the practices of a particular representation of men and manliness. It refers to an orientation which is heterosexual and decidedly homophobic. It prides itself on its capacity for sexual conquest and ridicules those men who define their sexuality in different terms. Hegemonic masculinity often embraces certain misogynist tendencies in which women are considered inferior and violence against them is encouraged and condoned. Due to this perception, women who are stallions and can wuk. Departure from this form of masculinity could result in a questioning of ones manhood. As a result, hegemonic masculinity contains a high level of hostility directed toward homosexuality and to a lesser extent to men who perform oral sex. Homosexuality is seen as a phenomenon that undermines and fundamentally contradicts hegemonic masculinity and which brings much derision and wrath upon persons who engage in its practice. Men who perform oral sex are portrayed as unable to handle the wuk so he ejaculates prematurely. This characterization of the Caribbean male is located in several dancehall songs. Beenie Mans Ole Dawg Like We likens men to dogs and as such, it is expected of them to have more than one woman:  However, regardless of these two ladies performances, many critics like Norman Stolzoff, Coopers claim and brand dancehall as a medium that represents women as sexual objects and whatever power they gain in terms of their full-bodied sexuality is still to please men. Dancehall continues to perpetuate the image of man as dominant and controlling and women as their subjects. Also, these female performers could just be an example of women who even though they are challenging the male gaze in society is merely constructing their reality through the lens of the said male gaze where women are appreciated for their ass-ets and are not treated fairly. If these women want to effectively challenge their inherent subordinate role in society, it is necessary for them to develop a genuinely female gaze that represents them as human beings that can do any task just as well as a man can and not just reinterpret the male gaze. It is their responsibility to offer society a new definition of themselves that doesnt limit their opportunities as a mere consequence of their sex. It is important to note however that not all dancehall artistes take pleasure in degrading women. An emerging generation of young Jamaican artistes are subverting the dancehall scene and improving its prospects for international acceptance by taking the music back to its roots in reggae. This new breed is led by singers and songwriters such as Luciano, Sizzla, Capleton, Richie Stephens Warrior King and Tony Rebel. These artistes are on a mission to uplift women. In responding to the lewd nature of dancehall music, Tony Rebel said I think it has to do with how they were socialized, from the days of the Bible, the concept is that sin came into being because of the woman and apart from that most artisites do it because they get a good response from it. .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 , .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .postImageUrl , .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 , .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499:hover , .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499:visited , .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499:active { border:0!important; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499:active , .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Juvenile Delinquency And Society EssayIn his song, Virtuous Woman, Warrior King says a good woman is essential to a mans purpose and his missions, a good woman is a glory to her man, she will never take his power, she will just make him a better man. He was further quoted in an article as saying I love and honour the woman dem, nuh matter what race, class, creed or religion. I am sick and tired of men blaming the women for the wrongs of creation. Capleton refers to the Black Woman as the Mother of the Earth and often warns Never yuh dis Mother Earth, bwoy wise. Whereas Caribbean men are often times perceived as derelict in their responsibility to their families, Sizzla in his song Black Woman and Child contradicts this perception: For you I really have so much love  Dollar bills and coins will fade away,  They could never make I so proud  Queen Ifrica, a female artiste managed by Tony Rebel says she is frustrated with those that continue to disrespect but she is more disappointed with those females that condone this behaviour. She says Jamaica is a society where men consider themselves to be the head, so they feel they can do as they please with no consequences. And I think that women who condone it have low self-esteem, also if someone is to address the issue, these women would be the first one to bash you. Brenda Hamilton, a female manager in the male dominated business responsible for Baby Cham, said she is not at all impressed with artistes that disrespect women in their lyrics. The ones who do it are not respectful to their mothers, sisters or any other female family member as a matter (sic), if they had any respect at all, they would not think about doing it. Doctor Dread of RAS Records in his response to dancehall songs emphatically declared we are now tired of being passive observers. It is time to declare that slackness is done!. Again, Richie Stephens, in an interview with the Gleaner, said Women to me are like flowers, they help to beautify the world. Its very simple. A woman plays a very important role in a mans life, when a woman is around there is so much beauty. Its not hard to compliment the ladies.  Although these views contain some element of the traditional subordinate way in how women are represented, they tend to be kinder to women and recognize them as human beings with a voice, who are also valuable and not worth the degradation. This recognition can serve as a starting point for women to continue to break the conceptions of how they are normally viewed in society. CONCLUSION The derogatory lyrics about women in the dancehall seem to stem from those dancehall artistes trying to be hardcore. This leads dancehall to be seen as just another form wherein men try to protect their manliness and power in society. Through the denigration and degradation of women, DJs exert their power and emphasize the importance of males as dominant. Through the DJs hostility towards homosexuality, he is protecting what he values most, his sexuality. As much as society is tending towards greater equality between men and women, this is slow to becoming a reality in the dancehall. Women are still portrayed as sex objects worthy of slander and violence. This violence is even taken top the act of lovemaking where these DJs promote rough and wicked sex that will privilege the women with a near death experience. On the other hand, the fact that these women are scantily clad and openly display their sexuality could be a form of freedom or release for them. The degradation of women, however, does not go unchallenged as artistes who have become frustrated with the unequal treatment given to women, have risen up with counter lyrics that praise and honour women instead. Although these lyrics are sometimes a reflection womens subordinate state, it is an open door through which Caribbean women can continue to remind society of their existence independent of an attachment to a men. .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e , .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .postImageUrl , .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e , .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e:hover , .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e:visited , .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e:active { border:0!important; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e:active , .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In Todays World There Are Many Moral Issues That Take Place In Society EssayDancehall is often seen as a culture whose expression doesnt emit positive messages in society but one should not take it at face value. Rooted in dancehall is the expression of a subordinate or forgotten people that use dancehall lyrics as a medium for expressing their frustration at a system that they believe is built to preclude them. This is demonstrated in Bounti Killas rendition of Poor People Fed Up:  Poor people fed up  Cause the system sheg up  In this way, gender and class share a similar relationship. The persons at the lower class are discriminated against because of their social status and as such are not given fair and equal treatment in society. In terms of gender, because women are the lesser sex, they are not given fair and equal treatment either. Therefore, dancehall tends to reflect the mood of the disadvantaged. As far as expressions of masculinity and feminity in the dancehall are concerned, men are still dominant and women are inferior but this is changing. Women have entered the dancehall arena as performers but they need to emancipate themselves from the shackle of the male gazer and create an original female gaze. Other male artistes are now defending the rights of women as human being and worthy of respect. However, it will take a more concerted effort by our women to bring about change. This involves women who perform, women who are in administrative positions and women who listen to these songs. This is something that affects us and if we want to bring about change then we have to consistently use every medium available to us to enhance our status in society.

Private

The level of organizational cohesion and complexity is necessary to consider industry partnerships The world is increasingly becoming a small global village. With this has come a serious competition as firms face off one another within the same market. In such a competitive market, it forces such a firm to come up with competitive strategies in order manage such competition. Partnerships form one of the most important strategies of managing such a competition.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Private-Public Sector Partnerships specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Firms are coming together to form larger and more complex partnerships (Akintoye, 2008). In order to form a partnership, firms entering the partnership must have a legally binding cohesive factor that none of them can contravene. The cohesive factor should be intertwined in the overall goal that all the partners are seeking to achieve. It is important to ensure that when determining the cohesiveness of the partners, the bar should not be set in a way that others will consider it as a punitive process. Each of the partners should appreciate that there is a shared goal and that for this to be a success such a binding factor should be determined in order to avoid any form of misunderstanding. It is also important to determine organizational complexity. According to Yescombe (2007), organizational complexity can be looked at from various fronts. When forming partnerships, it is always imperative to ensure that all the involved parties have an understanding of the organizational complexity of each member. The complexity should be ‘simple’ enough to be understood by all the parties. This is important because when not all the partners understand the organizational structure of the other party, it becomes easy to have cases where one acts in contrary to the principles of the other. The partners should not be too complex to be understood by others. On the other hand, such an organization should not be too simple in its structure that it creates the perception that it lacks a clear proper focus (Yong, 2010). All the important structure of the organization should be clearly defined, with a clear definition of how they relate, and how they help achieve the overall organizational goals. This way, each partner will come into the partnership with a clear understanding of the other partners, and all the structures that are being brought into the partnership. How partnerships affect organizational performance Entering partnerships will have a direct effect on the performance of a firm. According to Urio (2010), when a firm operates independently as a unit, it will be liable to all the actions taken in the day-to-day activities of the firm. This will change when such a firm joins hands with other firms to form a unit.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The effect of partnership on the performance of an organization will vary depending on the terms of the partnership and the overall goal set to be achieved in the partnership. according to Kellerman (2009), there are some cases where organizations come together to form an umbrella that represents their mutual interest but leaves room for individual firm to determine how it wishes to operate. Such a partnership may not have serious effects on the organization (Grimsey Lewis, 2007). This scholar says that when a partnership has a limited authority over the general management of individual member firm, then every organization will be responsible for its performance. In most partnerships, individual organization would be bound to operate within the confines of the law set within the partnership. The senior officials of the partnership would make every strategic decision, and if a firm were to come up with a strategy that is new, the app roval of these top officials would be needed. Such partnership would have heavy effect on the partners. The effect can be either positive or negative, depending on a number of factors. Positive Effects Partnerships have become very common in the near past. Organizations are forming partnerships, especially when they have similar interests in the market. This can only mean that it has a number of positive effects. The following are some of the benefits of partnerships. When in partnerships, firms get opportunity to share a number of challenges that face the industry. When working as a large unit, it becomes very easy to take care of such challenges as increasingly power of the supplier. In the current market, suppliers are becoming very powerful. With a powerful supplier, firms get to suffer because the supplier would dictate the price to sell their products. When working as a team, it gives individual members of the organization, through the partnership, power to control the supplie rs (Geddes, 2005). They will be speaking with one voice when handling suppliers and this will increase their individual profitability.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Private-Public Sector Partnerships specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Partnerships also create monopoly in the market when dealing with customers. Customers in the contemporary market have become increasingly complex. They are very demanding, and individual members of the organization always go extra miles in order to satisfy them. This may involve engaging in acts that may lead to reduced profits or even loss to the firm. When these individual firms form a unit in the market, they will have a stronger bargaining power in the market. They will dictate the price at which their products should be sold (Hodge Boardman, 2010). This may not necessarily mean that they will have power to frustrate their customers. On the contrary, they will be forming a unit to serve them better, but in a way that will be avoiding any frustrations that may come from a section of the customers. Partnerships may also improve the performance of the organizations because of a joined effort. When these organizations come together, they get the opportunity to share their resources in a manner that will enhance their performance. The partnership will have increased financial power. This would mean that the firm would be in a position to generate all the needed finance internally without the need to source for it from such institution as commercial banks, which come with interests. This avoidance of the fine would increase the profitability of the firm (Pattberg, 2012). It is also important to note that in partnerships, individual partners always come to the partnership with different skills and expertise. When such experiences are shared, the organization will emerge stronger and better positioned to meet market challenges. Negative Effects Although pa rtnerships come with a number of advantages to the members, it has a number of negative effects that it carries with it. The first negative consequence of such partnerships is the increased duration of making decision. Unlike when operating individually, making decision in partnerships always take very long time because of the consultative nature of the process.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Different partners will have to be consulted in order to come up with a decision that is mutually accepted. This process is very tedious and time consuming (Hodge, 2005). In some of the cases, an opportunity may pass by without being tapped because the decision-making unit did not agree on the approach to be taken, or it took too long to reach a consensus. In other cases, what one member of the partnership prefers in not what another prefers. This leads to compromises among the members where a group will feel obliged to take actions some of which may be against their principles. Partnerships exist because of the value driven from them. From partnerships, organizations get to benefit from a number of fronts. There will be financial benefits from such organizations. Other than the direct financial benefits as discussed above, there is the cost sharing of some activities within the partnership. For instance, a firm may need to outsource IT services. This may be a costly venture, especi ally if the services to be outsourced are expensive. However, when in a partnership, members of the partnership will be called upon to share the costs, reducing the weight that would have been felt by an individual firm (Endicott, 1993). When operating as a single unit within the partnership, costs of expansion projects will be shared by the members as this will also offer financial relief to individual member of the organization. Partnerships also help in handling the market issues. The market is varied as individuals within the society are. However, firms always categorize the market into three main segments based on the income. There is always the low class with limited purchasing power. There is the middle class with a higher purchasing power but not as high as that of the high class. Then the last class is made up of the rich. Each of these three classes has characteristics distinct to itself. Targeting all the three market segments at a time may be very challenging. When in pa rtnerships, this challenge can easily be eliminated because each partner can be instructed to target a specific market segment. The segmentation can be done further based on gender and age, and depending on the number of partners, each segment can be assigned to an individual partner. This creates a situation where the presence of this firm is felt in every segment of the market. This will also reduce time taken by the organization to reach the market with its products. Each department will have a clear focus of the market segment targeted, and they will always be responsible for coming up with strategies to ensure speedy introduction of the firm’s product into the market. A partnership also increases the availability of vital information within the partnership and with customers. Customers need constant information, especially about new products or on how to use products they buy (Levy, 2011). To help disseminate such information, there is need to ensure that there is increa sed labor force that will be assigned such duties. This is what partnership offers. The large workforce can be assigned to take care of the customers. Such a workforce will also work well in ensuring that there is coordination among various departments. References Akintoye, A. (2008). Public-Private Partnerships: Managing Risks and Opportunities. Chichester: John Wiley Sons. Endicott, E. (1993). Land conservation through public/private partnerships. Washington: Island Press. Geddes, M. (2005). Making public private partnerships work: Building relationships and understanding cultures. Burlington: Gower. Grimsey, D., Lewis, M. K. (2007). Public private partnerships: The worldwide revolution in infrastructure provision and project finance. Cheltenham: Elgar. Hodge, G. (2005). The challenge of public private partnerships: Learning from international experience. Cheltenham: Elgar. Hodge, G., Boardman, A. (2010). International handbook on public-private partnerships. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Kellerman, L. (2009). Public-private partnerships. New York: Nova Science. Levy, S. (2011). Public-private partnerships: Case studies on infrastructure development. Reston: ASCE Press. Pattberg, P. (2012). Public-private partnerships for sustainable development: Emergence, influence and legitimacy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Urio, P. (2010). Public-private partnerships: Success and failure factors for in-transition countries. Lanham: University Press of America. Yescombe, E. (2007). Public-private partnerships: Principles of policy and finance. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Yong, H. (2010). Public-private partnerships policy and practice: A reference guide. London: Commonwealth Secretarial. This coursework on Private-Public Sector Partnerships was written and submitted by user Shaniya O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Nomenclature for hazard and risk assessment in the process industries essay

Nomenclature for hazard and risk assessment in the process industries essay Nomenclature for hazard and risk assessment in the process industries essay Nomenclature for hazard and risk assessment in the process industries essayThe choice of the bank is very important for me because it determines the safety of my funds. This is why reliability of the bank and its stability are the major factors that determine my choice of the bank. At the same time, the choice of the bank also depends on other factors that may be revealed through the analysis of the bank’s performance and its history, both long-run and short-run. At this point, I would consider carefully whether to support or not the decision to remove some of the over-burdening regulations since the performance and history of the bank can help to determine, whether the bank can afford such changes without any considerable threats and risks to its clients or not.The reasons I chose this bank are diverse but the major reason or the choice of the bank was its reliability since the bank has managed to stumble through the last economic recession and mortgage crisis successfully. M oreover, as I studied the history of the bank, which dates back to the middle of the 20th century, the bank has managed to overcome other economic crises successfully too. This is why the bank has proved to be reliable and stable. Therefore, I decided that the bank is unlikely to face a steep decline in the nearest future and I can deposit my free funds into this bank,The special features this bank offers that attracted me the most is the relatively high benefits which I could obtain for my deposits that make it more profitable than the average bank in the industry can offer to me at the moment. At least, I am taking into consideration only those banks, which have proved to be reliable and stable and which have been operating over two decades at the least (Finley, 2007). The analysis of the history of the bank is very important because it does not only shows that the bank has managed to overcome serious financial crises but also the bank’s history reveals how the bank deals w ith difficult, challenging situations, which may emerge unexpectedly. My bank has proved to be able to deal with those challenges successfully. At the same time, the ‘special feature’ of the bank is the current focus on the increasing deposit of customers of the bank. The bank has declared the increase of customers’ deposits as one of its major priorities at the moment. This is why the bank offers attractive interest rates for consumers, who want to deposit their money into the bank. The relatively high or above the average interest rate makes the bank attractive for customers, at any rate in terms of short-run investment of free funds.The regulations this bank faces concern the shift toward the effective management of customers’ deposits and increase of deposits made by consumers with regard to the level of capitalization of the bank (Seitanidi, 2008). At the moment, the bank insists on the liberalization of its policies concerning the attraction of new c ustomers and their deposits, on the one hand, and the level of capitalization of the bank on the other. The bank stands on the ground that it has sufficient capital and can raise more funds, if necessary, to cover unexpected risks and threats since the bank has extensive experience of risk management in the time of economic crises and financial difficulties, which accompanied those crises.In this regard, it is necessary to take into consideration recent changes this bank has gone through. To put it more precisely, the bank has undergone a considerable change in the course of its business development recently. The bank used to focus on both investment projects and deposits of customers. However, after the economic recession of 2008, the bank had to refuse from its investment banking operations and focused on deposits entirely. At first, the shift seemed to be painful for the bank, which was quite successful in both deposit and investment management. However, the bank preferred to foc us on more reliable branch, which was vulnerable to fewer risks compared to investment banking branch, which has started to bring the bank considerable financial losses, especially in 2007-2008 (Jones, 2012). As a result, the bank had to obey to new regulations and focused on deposits entirely. However, the bank decided to boost its deposit branch which required more liberal policies and decreasing of regulations in this field.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As for the manager’s request, I would rather support it than decline it because I believe the bank is at the strong position to keep growing and enhancing its performance, while the decrease of the overregulation will stimulate the further growth of the bank and its business development. In fact, the bank should get a chance and boost its business development after the completion of the shift toward a deposit banking business only.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, I believe that the request o f the manager should receive my support to help the bank to enhance its business development and bring me profits in the future.

Gun Control Legislation (Do stricter laws correlate to lower homicide Thesis

Gun Control Legislation (Do stricter laws correlate to lower homicide rates, fewer gun related crimes and less illegal weapons) - Thesis Example This book illustrates the author’s research on crime, prevention, and the authority to have concealed weapons. He severely condemns the notion that it is unjustified to allow citizens to carry guns, as it is harmful to the society, however, concealed weapons is only dangerous to the criminals and useful to the common man. The writer provides data of 3000 U.S. countries who imposed gun laws over 18 years (Lott, 2010) and as a result, the crime rate like murder, theft went down immediately. Moreover, according to Lott, the people who benefitted were mostly women, Blacks, and individuals living in the rural areas. However, in the book some statistics is rather dull and boring especially the data tables. This book is an excellent read especially for those who believe that gun laws should be implemented. Moreover, the book offers us a variety of debates that help us argue people who are in support of gun control. This source however, does not give much emphasis on the gun laws of A merica, instead, it provides data of gun control laws of other countries. The article gives information about Colorado’s mass killing that took lives of twelve people and fifty eight were injured. Living in America is extremely threatening because a person is more likely to be killed in the US than any other country like Britain, Japan and Germany. Moreover, the article gives credible information about why the crime rate is so high in America by telling, â€Å"two- thirds of the people in America carry guns, whereas in Britain only 10% of the people carry weapons† (Colorado’s dark night). The article shed lights on Obama’s failed strategy of gun control and the condition of the country is getting worse as a result. Every politician hides behind the Second Amendment constitution, which says the people have the right to carry arms. The

Ethical behavior in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical behavior in business - Essay Example This incident is a serious matter that should not be treated lightly. To clean up the mess the company has to invest millions of dollars, but the damage caused by the spillage hurt the ecosystem and killed thousands of animals. Big Dirty Oil faces an ethical dilemma in regard to how the firm should approach the problem. This essay includes the view and perspective of three stakeholders: CEO, local fisherman, and the shareholders of the company. The CEO of a company is the person that has the most power within an organization. When a firm faces any controversial situations the CEO must act as the spokesman of the organization. The oil spillage that occurred off the coast of British Columbia and Alaska was a major crisis that had to be attended to immediately. The CEO of the company must find a balance between doing the right thing and maximizing shareholders’ wealth. Maximizing shareholders’ wealth is the goal of all publicly traded companies. In light of the sensitive situation the CEO should have reacted in a different manner. The current position of the CEO is that the incident was a tragedy and he offered two million dollars to aid in the clean up. The proposal of the CEO was outrageous due to the fact that it could cost hundreds of millions of dollars to properly clean up the area. The CEO acted in an unethical manner. Instead of facing up to the problem he dismissed the protests against the company by ca lling the protesters â€Å"the outpourings of Greenies and other fanatics.† The reality was that the company had polluted thousands of square meters of water and killed thousands of fish and wildlife in the region. These creatures no longer had a habitat to live. The stance taken by the CEO was wrong. He cared more about the quarterly profits of the company than about the well being of thousands of animals and hundreds of fishermen that depended on fishing in the region everyday to support their families. The fishermen in