Benefits and cost

Expenses would be Just something contrary to a few of these, yet would likewise incorporate absence of a decent guarantee, or not having the option to discover a spot that can support the watch. Top Reasons You Want A Nice Watch†, A. Adams, 2011 . ) A weight reduction diet can help confidence, vitality levels, allure to those you wish to draw in. Great wellbeing, however. Is the best advantage of a weight reduction diet. Expenses could be the trouble level of having the option to stay with the eating regimen. Shedding pounds inappropriately can cause medical problems; if the weight reduction diet you bring to the table is unfortunate this can be an expense. Significant expenses of weight reduction can be restrictive. (â€Å"Lose Weight, Gain Tons of Benefits†, K. Zealand, n. D. ) Things that could be gainful to a voyage would be location.Everyone likes to go to delightful spots. Decent convenience and administration territories on board the boat are an unquestionable req uirement. Other significant things can be security, climate, assortment of exercises, and regions to unwind. Expenses could be the cost of the voyage, ocean ailment, and fatigue. (â€Å"The Pros and Cons of Cruise Travel†, A. Forces, 2012) For another financial records at a bank, the advantages could be simplicity of stores, for example, online stores by method of gadget APS. Having the option to drop checks effectively Is Important. The accessibility of getting to your money effectively Is very Important.Free ATM and check cards, and the accessibility of paperless electronic proclamations can likewise be advantageous. Expenses would incorporate high ricocheted check charges, yearly record charges, and the way that numerous organizations are moving ceaselessly from tolerating checks. (â€Å"Seven Questions to Ask Before Opening a Bank Account†, G. Occupants, 2013) Ariel Adams, (2011). Top Reasons You Want A Nice Watch. A Blob to Watch. Recovered July 14, 2014, blowtorc h. Com: http://www. blowtorch. Com/top-reasons-you-need a-decent costly watch/Kathleen M. Zealand, (n. D. ). Get more fit, Gain Tons of Benefits.Web MD. Recovered July 14, 2014, WebMD. Com: http://www. WebMD. Com/erase/highlights/lose-riches lady.- huge amounts of-benefits India Powers, (2012). The Pros and Cons of Cruise Travel. Loft Therapy. Recovered July 14, 2014, incidentally. Com: http://www. incidentally. Com/the-advantages and disadvantages of-journey travel-192288 Gerri Dwellers, (2013). Seven Questions to Ask Before Opening a Bank Account. Credit. Recovered July 14, 2014, credit. Com: http://www. credit. Com/individual Flanagan-questions-to-ask-before-opening-financial balance/Benefits and cost By wheelhouses ay of gadget APS.Being ready to drop checks effectively is significant. The accessibility of getting to your money effectively is significant. Free ATM and platinum cards, and the Before Opening a Bank Account†, G. Detailer, 2013) July 14, 2014, WebMD. Com: http ://www. WebMD. Com/diet/highlights/get in shape gain-the-upsides and downsides of-voyage travel-192288 Gerri Detailer, (2013). Seven Questions to Ask Before Opening a Bank Account. Credit. Recovered July 14, 2014, credit. Com: http://www. Credit. Com/individual Flanagan-questions-to-ask-before-opening-financial balance/

Sir Robert Peel free essay sample

American policing has been around for a considerable length of time and is very liable to be around for many ages to come. Early policing and disciplines could incorporate open mortification and even torment. Circumstances are different since the beginnings of police strategies now it is unbelievably remarkable to see open mortification because of a wrongdoing. American policing has changed on various occasions in the course of the last hundred or more years. In many eyes the progressions have been for the best of the policing framework, attempting to build up a solid framework. The policing framework has formed additional time into an expert position, forestalling wrongdoing, utilizing the cops as power, and how this early framework was received in the United States; Sir Robert Peel gets a significant acknowledgment for this change of the police framework. Sir Robert Peel was the man who persuaded individuals that the police are a genuinely necessary power in each state and network. We will compose a custom exposition test on Sir Robert Peel or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He took a few thoughts of others before him and changed those thoughts and standards into law. With these new laws and the persuading the individuals the requirement for a solid police office Sir Robert Peel who was Britain’s Home Secretary, is perceived for the main improvement of policing. He was the main man in the direction of the early improvement of the police power. Sir Robert strip was not the only one on this strategic policing. Sir Robert Peel Had two police chiefs, Charles Rowan and Richard Mayne, propositions two men were Sir Robert Peel right deliver the establishing of the London Police power. One of the main protests that they confronted was the Public. The individuals didn't give any position to the cops; as a result of this Sir Robert Peel needed to cause general society to trust in the police power. As indicated by Miller, (1977) the legitimating of the London police was painstakingly arranged by Peel and his partners. Sir Robert and his partners changed the office perceiving that in the event that the general population didn't perceive the authority of the police, at that point the general office would fall flat. The cops that went into people in general needed to meet certain capabilities. The official needed to act in an expert way while in general society. Proposals officials were calm and didn't lash out rapidly with savagery genuinely or verbally. These officials were prepared to be a polite, in charge of oneself, and aware official. In the wake of picking up regard of the residents Sir Robert Peels next significant errand was forestalling wrongdoing and setting up power. Forestalling wrongdoing was the basic role for Sir Robert Peel and his partners. So as to forestall wrongdoing the London Metropolitan Police Act should have been affirmed by parliament. In 1829 the demonstration was passed and Sir Robert Peel exploited this. This made a full time formally dressed police office that would watch the city with the exertion of keeping wrongdoing from occurring. With the open presently regarding officials and officials watching the boulevards that each resident strolled on the cops inevitably increased a type of expert in the general population. This authority accompanied the preparation for the activity and the residents perceiving that the official is there to help and forestall wrongdoing. US improvement of a formal policing office originated from Sir Robert Peel and what the London Metropolitan Police have become. The law implementation in the United States created in the early long stretches of colonization. The provinces took what the English was doing and built up their own framework fundamentally the same as theirs. â€Å"Towns and towns designated constables and sheriffs with powers fundamentally the same as their English partners. † (Grant Terry, 2008) The sheriffs would help forestall wrongdoing here in the States. Another approach to help forestall wrongdoing in the United States was sorting out watch frameworks that began in England too. The establishing of the Police framework here in the United States originated from the English roots. In the United States residents were additionally held obligated for aiding maintaining harmony in the early states. With police organizations persevering through the trial of time they will be here over the United States just as in different nations. Sir Robert Peel and his partners get a lot of acknowledgment for framing the establishments of what police withdraws are established on. Sir Roberts Peel’s standards of policing were and still hold today fundamental rules that endless officials must maintain. Sir Robert Peel had his officials prepared in law as well as in matter of conduct and quality.

How to Get Rich Quick In These 6 Fantasy Worlds

How to Get Rich Quick In These 6 Fantasy Worlds How to Get Rich Quick in These 6 Fantasy Worlds How to Get Rich Quick in These 6 Fantasy WorldsHow does money work in the world of Star Wars, Harry Potter, or Pokemon? We dug deep into some of your favorite fantasy universes to find out!Everyone and their accountant is writing articles about how you can get rich in the real world. But what if you were magically transported to a fantasy setting? Maybe you opened a dusty book hidden in the library attic or your house got zapped with lightning while you were playing your favorite video game.Either way, all the stuff you learned about interest and low-yield savings bonds is worthless now! Unless it isn’t? Thankfully, we go to where other financial advice blogs are too afraid to go. To infinity, and beyond! (Except, uh, we aren’t covering Toy Story world.)Westeros Game of ThronesWesteros may not have paper money, but they do have coins with cooler names than “quarters” or “pennies.” When you open up your wallet in Westeros, you’ll find Gold Dragons, Silver Stags and … um Copper Pennies. Well, ALMOST every coin has a cooler name.We’re not sure when in Westeros’s history you’ve been transported to, so we’ll be sure not to spoil anything about a future that might not have happened yet. In general, however, power and money in Westeros are contained within the Great Families.Here’s how Lawrence Cicchetti, game design student at the University of Advancing Technology (@UATedu), explained it: “In Westeros, there are two houses considered to be the wealthiest: Lannister and Tyrell. Lannister is known for its large coffers full of gold and its immense lands. They are so famous that people think their house motto is, ‘A Lannister always pays his debts.’ House Tyrell has become rich, however, due to their large, fertile reach of land. They have the largest food stores in all of Westeros, which is one the most important resources when winter lasts seven years. Money is nice but worthless when theres nothing to buy with it. House Tyrell can raise and maintain an army based on the food they have.”That farmland is all the more vital because of the feudal nature of Westeros’s economy. “Westeros is a land that runs heavily on feudalism, Cicchetti told us. “This is a system in which those at the top have the power, and the people below them work for those above for protection.Feudalism is based on four key features:The king controls the armyThe lords look over the landKnights protect the landSerfs produce the food for the land“Food is the main form of currency in this system. While coins are traded, only the privileged will ever deal in coinage on a regular basis. The coins are as you would expect in a medieval setting, made of gold, silver, and copper. These values are usually measured in how much they can be used to buy. One gold coin could feed a peasant for a year.”Essos, the continent to the east of Westeros, has less centralized control. It’s composed of various “free cities” which, ironically, have a large slavery component to their economy. Braavos, the most powerful and wealthiest of the free cities, is home to the Iron Bank, which lends money to rulers. If it doesn’t get it back, it’ll fund the enemies of those rulers to overthrow the debtor and collect what the bank is owed.Your best bet for making it rich in Westeros is to have been born into a powerful and wealthy family. Failing that, maybe you could marry into a powerful and wealthy family. If that still proves too difficult, consider getting yourself some dragons and a loan from the Iron Bank so you can conquer a powerful and wealthy family.A Galaxy Far, Far Away Star WarsThe Star Wars films, games, books, action figures, and measuring cups have made more money than was previously thought to exist on Earth. Or, if you want to be slightly less hyperbolic, you could just say the entire Star Wars franchise is worth $42 billion.So, yes,  Star Wars is a financial empire unto itself but what about money in the Star War s universe? Is there a common galactic currency? Are Jedis salaried? Why is Jabba so rich?We reached out to some of our favorite Star Wars scholars for some financial insight…Writer and podcaster Mark Millien gave us a great introduction (imagine this text scrolling up into the blackness of space): “Forty years ago when the galaxy far, far away dropped out of hyperspace and into our collective consciousness it was rife with smugglers, trade consortiums, a thriving black market, and a commodities exchange that included slavery.”But let’s say you want to buy some droids. What currency will you be shelling out?“Credits, the common currency of the  Star  Wars  universe, are an electronic fiat currency backed by a central galactic bank,” Millien told us. “Funds can be accessed via a credit chip or cred stick that houses secure memory algorithms that track accounts across billions of worlds with complete accuracy. Though they can be hacked and tampered with, they can always be traced, thus thieves and the broader criminal element tend to prefer hard currencies made up of precious metals in the form of bars or ingots or trade goods. Investments in stocks, bonds and other notes of credit or securities were readily available to those who could afford them.”So who signs the back of a Jedis paycheck?Jason Hamilton, co-owner of pop up toy, comic, and collectibles site Pop Roc (@PopRocCulture) knows: “Jedi themselves didnt really have personal finances. The Order itself received some money from the Senate and would usually receive some payment when doing a job such as mediating a dispute. Moreover, there were often donations from rich and poor alike. These funds were all used for things like resources, improvements to the temple, mission expenses, etc. Jedi were minimalist. They each had their own lightsaber and tools, some clothes, and around the time of the Clone  Wars  they usually each had their own starfighter for mission purposes, but that was about it. Everything else was shared among The Order.”As far as how you should get rich in the Star Wars world… the Death Star was really expensive, so maybe try joining the Dark Side and working your way up? Probably not getting rich as a Jedi.The Federation Star TrekWhat about that other famous space series with “star” in the title? That’s right, we’re talking Trek.According to Millien, “Star  Trek boasted an egalitarian socialist economy where money was no longer necessary within the Federation, though served a purpose in wilder space.”Dave Arland, President of Arland Communications (@arlandcom), had this to say: “The use of money in  Star Trek  changed through the series. The original series had several references to ‘Federation credits,’ most obviously in the episode ‘The Trouble with Tribbles’ where a shopkeeper was selling unusual itemsâ€"including the ubiquitous tribbles.“Later incarnations also showed money being used, such as the notorious Ferengi ( a race entirely devoted to profit) on board the ‘Deep Space Nine’ space station.”It might be tough to get rich in an egalitarian society, but maybe try selling tribbles?The Wizarding World Harry PotterHow do the wizards of the Harry Potter universe manage their funds? We were able to ask our resident Harry Potter expert, Caroline Thompson (@coralinexmaria) that very question, and she was able to give us a comprehensive breakdown:“The witches and wizards living behind the Statute of Secrecy in the Harry Potter universe have a complicated relationship with money. You might assume that magic alone would be enough to run the fictional British economy, but wizards have a currency all their own, which makes little sense from an outside perspective.“Although the books take place in the 1990s, the wizarding community had not, at that point at least, seemed to have adopted the Muggle notion of credit. Instead, all their transactions take place in cold, hard cash, using oversized c oins called galleons, knuts, and sickles. Early on in Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone, gentle half-giant Rubeus Hagrid gives Harry the rundown on wizarding coin. In short:1 galleon = 17 sickles1 sickle = 29 knuts“While Rowling has stated that a galleon is ‘about five Great British pounds,’ that conversion doesnt actually make much sense when you look at the text. In 2016, a Redditor calling themselves aubieismyhomie made a detailed analysis of every purchase made in the entire series, and concluded that Rowlings conversion was way under the mark. Instead, they posited that:1 galleon = ~$251 sickle = ~$1.501 knut  = ~$0.05“Wizard money is controlled by goblins, kept in vaults deep in the tunnels of Gringotts Bank since 1474. While much is made of the fact that Gringotts is nearly impossible to break into, this does not, in fact, seem to be the case. In the seventh book, Harry, Hermione, and Ron manage to break in without much more than some Polyjuice Potion and the Imper ius Curse, which any wizard or witch worth their salt can muster.“If you want to get rich in the Harry Potter universe, you could either try and marry your way into a prominent family (the Malfoys are LOADED, yall!), get Harry Potter to lend you a cool $25,000 after he wins the Triwizard Tournament and use that to start a successful joke shopâ€"or just rob Gringotts, cuz apparently thats so easy a few sleep-deprived teenagers could do it on a whim.”Galactic Padishah Empire Dune  Frank Herbert’s classic series of Dune novels take place in a distant future that actually hearkens back to both the distant past and to the political present in which Herbert wrote them.Sure, there are spaceships and giant sand worms and powerful psychics and all that, but all of those futuristic tropes are in the service of a feudal system that relies almost entirely on one specific natural resource to sustain itself.This is one of the reasons that Herbert’s books feel so vibrant. For as much as t hey are about fantasy and derring-do, they are grounded in a very real sense of political and economic reality. Even once mankind masters intergalactic space travel, we’re still going to be fighting wars over the control of natural resources.(For this section, we’re going to be focusing on the first novel in the series, Dune.)When Herbert’s novel begins, the entire universe exists under the thumb of the Padishah Emperor Shaddam IV. Underneath the emperor, a series of royal families known as the Great Houses control sections of the Imperium on his behalf. Together, the houses form the Landsraad, a political body that serves as a counterweight to the emperor’s power.The universe’s third great power is the Spacing Guild, which controls all interstellar travel and trade. The Guild’s Navigators are the only people capable of achieving faster than light travel, which they can only do while high on the spice known as melange that is harvested from the desert planet Arrakis.Got all that?Well, we’re not done. There’s also the CHOAM corporation which basically controls the universal economy. The emperor and the Great Houses of the Landsraad, in turn, control the corporation’s board of directors. They all own shares of CHOAM and take in enormous profits because of it. Herbert admitted that he based CHOAM off of OPEC, or the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.But when you get right down to it, the economy of Dune all depends on melange. The spice directly empowers the Spacing Guild, but it also is the reason that the Emperor, the Landsraad, and CHOAM are able to accumulate such great wealth and wield such incredible power. Without the spice, there is no interstellar travel. Without interstellar travel, there is no interstellar trade. Without no interstellar trade or travel, there is no Empire.And what’s more, melange is a finite natural resource. It cannot be fabricated in a lab. It cannot be mass-produced.Paul Atreides, the hero of Dune , is the heir to the powerful Atreides house that has recently been granted control over Arrakis. When his father is assassinated by the rival Harkonnen house, Paul escapes to the desert and is seen as the long-promised Messiah of the Fremen, Arrakis’ native inhabitants. He leads the Fremen on an assault against not just the Harkonnen house, but against the emperor himself.When the battle is won, Paul confronts the emperor and forces him to abdicate. How? He controls the Fremen, which means that he controls the spice. He tells the emperor that unless he abdicates, Paul will cut off the melange altogether. The emperor abdicates because, otherwise, the Padishah Empire, the Laandsrad, the Spacing Guild, and the CHOAM corporation would all crumble into nothingness.The economic lessons of Dune do not center around money; they center around resources. Natural resources like oil, food, water, wood, land, metal, etc. are all finite. The more scarce they are, and the more necessary for a c ivilizations survival are, the more valuable they become, and the more power is bestowed to the person or group that owns them.If you see parallels between melange and oil, you’re not wrong.As far as getting rich in the world of Dune, if you understood all of that, you’ll probably get along just fine. If not, read it again.Kanto/Johto/Hoenn/Sinnoh/Unova/Kalos/Alola PokemonThe various Pokemon regions all use the same currency: pokedollars. Pokedollars are based on the Japanese yen. Whereas the yen symbol is a “Y” with two lines through, the pokedollar symbol is a “P” with two lines through it. It’s a little over a hundred yen to the dollar, and the rate for pokedollars to dollars is probably kind of similar.A can of soda in Pokemon costs 300 pokedollars. Assuming a standard soda can from a vending machine in America costs around $1.50, it might actually be closer to 200 pokedollar to the dollar.Meanwhile pokeballs, the handheld items that can capture and store enormous monsters through some sort of unexplained futuristic technology, cost 200 pokedollars each. So less than a can of soda. Pretty good deal!The main source of income in Pokemon seems to come from winning battles against other trainers, after which they’ll give you a chunk of money. So catching and training Pokemon feels like the best  and possibly only path to material success. There are also casinos, but we would never advise such a high-risk proposal as gambling when you could be building your nest egg through low-yield, low-risk Pokemon training and battling.For more dorky insightful money posts, check out these oldies but goodies from the OppLoans Financial Sense blog:The Blockbuster Costs of Real Star Wars Death Stars, Spaceships and More!Finance In The Federation: Captain’s Blog, Stardate 94159.32Geek for Cheap: Get Your Star Wars On Under Budget!Do you have any questions about the economics of your favorite fantasy world? Let us know! You can  email us  or you can find us o n  Facebook  and  Twitter.ContributorsDave Arland  is the founder and president of Arland Communications.  Lawrence Cicchetti  is a game design student at the University of Advancing Technology in Tempe, AZ.Mark Millien  is a writer and podcast host based in Dallas.Caroline Thompson (@coralinexmaria) is a Harry Potter enthusiast, a contributing writer for Vice, and a content manager at OppLoans.

Essay On The Health Care Delivery System - 945 Words

The Health Care Delivery System There are certain credentials the health care industry require to regulate the profession, its members, and their performance. The three major ways for this to be done are through licensure, certification, and accreditation. According to Alleman Houle (2013) â€Å"licensure is the granting of authority to practice† (p. 221). It can be further described as a process by which government agencies give permission (time-limited) to an individual to undertake a specific occupation after verifying that he/she is qualified for this privilege. Licensure is usually granted through standardized criteria, such as education, experience, and examination. Licensure is required in health care organizations as â€Å"licensing is†¦show more content†¦The majority of respondents thought it important for physicians to be reevaluated on their qualifications every few years and that physicians should do more to demonstrate ongoing competence than is curren tly required by the profession† (Brennan et al., 2004). Silvis (2011) described accreditation as â€Å"A voluntary process by which a nongovernmental entity grants a time-limited recognition or credentials to an organization after verifying that predetermined and standardized criteria are met.† In respect to nursing, â€Å"accreditation is the formal review and approval by a recognized agency of educational degree or certification programs in nursing or nursing-related programs† (Alleman Houle, 2013, p. 221). It is important to have academic accreditation in any field of study, but more so, it is extremely important to healthcare. Due to the high level of competition and growth in the healthcare industry, educational institutions have to compete for the highest educational credentials. Accreditation is required in health care organizations because it â€Å"reflects an agency’s dedication and commitment to meeting standards that demonstrate a higher level of performance and patient care† (ACHC, 2015). Accredita tion is also required in healthcare-related professions, because state licensure definitely require thatShow MoreRelatedEssay On Germany Health Care Delivery System826 Words   |  4 PagesThe report examines and compares aspects of health systems around the world. It also provides conceptual insights into the complex factors that explain how health systems perform, and offers practical advice on how to assess performance and achieve improvements with available resources. What is most surprising about the ranking is the economic components that assist in these two rankings. 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Essay about Democracy - 1421 Words

Like a living organism, democracy must be born into a time where the parents, circumstances, are right to understand the potential of such a child, democracy, and the soil, society, may be described as the type of state that is ready to accept and nurture that child. Metaphors aside, democracy has been noted to provide a better opportunity for human development. Democracy is also commonly defined as a political system that is associated with free and fair elections. A democratic regime simply refers to a system of governance that places sovereignty in the citizen’s hands which allow them to contribute to the process of decision-making through their elected officials. Democracy is not as old as many may originally think. As recent as 1974,†¦show more content†¦These breakdowns can occur through military action, a seizure of power by the opposition, or a collapse of the state. When a collapse occurs, the state cannot coerce and is unable to successfully control the inha bitants of the given territory. Diamond conveys an important reason why some authoritarian regimes lose domestic legitimacy. The citizens of a state may not be confident in their government when â€Å"†¦ they fulfill their self-proclaimed missions and become redundant or when they completely fail to do so and clearly cannot deliver,† (Diamond 91). Failures of dictatorial regimes in countries like Greece and Argentina were a result of bad economic or political performances. Another example of authoritarian failure occurred in Africa in the early 1990s. Most African countries were severely set back because of massive foreign debts. In order to pay back some of these loans, many governments of these African countries would use almost four times their export earnings leaving the government with no funds to provide basic services for its citizens. 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In a perfect democracy, the decisions made the government are perfect representations of what the people want. In reality, a perfect democracy is nearly impossible, especially when dealing with a population as large as the United States, but there are still techniq ues and systems that can be implemented into a society in which democracy can beRead MoreDemocracy Vs Democracy1193 Words   |  5 Pagesthat I think has created the most success for the government and its people is democracy. The definition of democracy is a â€Å"political system of mass participation, competitive elections, and human and civil rights (Roskin 88).† This is the clear definition of democracy, but there are many different forms for example there is a representative democracy and illiberal democracy. These follow the same guideline of democracy, but have there own individual definition. Unfortunately, there is no perfectRead MoreDemocracy And Its Effect On Democracy894 Words   |  4 PagesDemocracy in its most basic form is a type of governing system ruled by the citizens of a particular society. The first form of democracy can be found in ancient Greece, and the modern form of Democracy was established in part by the French revolution because it brought bac k the idea of rule by the people. Although, for most of history democracy was not viewed in a positive light. According to Mintz, Close, and Croci many people feared democracy because they thought the masses would not act withRead MoreDemocracy And Its Effect On Democracy Essay2111 Words   |  9 PagesOver the past quarter-century, democracy has stood at the center of political debate in many countries and it is a constant concern of the political and social sciences. 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Cuba’s Environmental Problems Free Essays

string(84) " scale and bring the advantages of mechanization and modern scientific agriculture\." When socialism was introduced to Cuba, the idea was that it would be more eco-friendly than capitalism. Instead, the Revolution to quickly controlled two major factors that eventually led to environmental problems in developing countries: population growth and poverty. Contributing to the issue of poverty in Cuba are the financial, economic and commercial blockades imposed by the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Cuba’s Environmental Problems or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to preserve the environment in Cuba and combat these issues, serious action was necessary. The amount of environmental damage falls into two categories: a) small-scale environmental destruction committed by individuals through illegal hunting, deforestation, dumping of waste into aquatic ecosystems, etc. ; or b) large-scale environmental destruction resulting from major projects and industries approved by governmental agencies and owned by international companies, like hotel chains and mining companies after the Special Period, and agriculture before the Special Period†. [1] The opportunity for Cuba to protect its environment came after the fall of the Soviet Union and the strengthening of the US blockade in 1990. This period, referred to as the Special Period (1990-2000), witnessed a decrease in many environmentally damaging activities both by choice and by necessity, but also resulted in many decisions to resuscitate the Cuban economy. After the Earth Summit in 1992, following Fidel Castro’s speech regarding the condition of the environment on a global scale, Cuba designed and implemented a variety of programs, administrative structures, and public awareness activities to promote sound environmental management and sustainable development. What is most important is the damage that ahs already been done and the efforts to reverse these conditions. Currently, there are many efforts to bring the Cuban environment to a sustainable level. When the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe ended trade and financial relationships with Cuba, the island was forced to make severe adjustments. The emergency measures implemented by the Cuban government aimed at preventing the total economic collapse of the regime, have been referred to by the leadership as the â€Å"special period in peacetime. † This Special Period brought about â€Å"the creation of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA) in 1994 [which] provided an important impetus for environmental policy and management on a national scale. †[2] In 1995 the National Environmental Strategy (EAN) was designed, but was not approved by the government until 1997. Since then the EAN â€Å"is the guiding document of Cuban environmental policy, establishing the principles upon which the national environmental efforts are based. †[3] The strategy identifies the main environmental issues in Cuba and proposes ideas and various methods to prevent, solve or minimize these problems. The strategy goals are to improve environmental protection and the use of natural resources in an attempt to meet sustainable social and economic development objectives. Evaluations of Cuba’s environmental record in comparison with Eastern European records shows â€Å"that environmental deterioration in Cuba over more than three decades of socialist rule responded to specific conditions not usually found in developing countries†¦ but were present in the former Soviet Union and the former Eastern European socialist countries. [4] As a result of this, Kirwin Shaffer states that: Consequently, central planning ignored local environmental concerns. Also, the absence of private ownership and the lack of citizen input in decision making meant that all decisions affecting the local level were made with regard to how they fit with the overall national plan. Results and impacts at the local level were secondary. Which leads to these conclusions: Cuban agricultural and industrial development following the Soviet models have had similar consequences for water, soil and air pollution as found in Europe. 5] The current Cuban stance that attempts to blame the USSR for these effects in Cuba benefits Cuba’s political system because it takes the blame away from the state, but it is not served by the historical record. The glorified â€Å"greening† of Cuba during the 1990s has beneficial impacts over the short term, but, according to Diaz-Briquets and Perez-Lopez, economic costs and turns toward a development model based on tourism may soon erode those short-term gains. Cuba’s pollution and contamination problems are widespread, and not completely the result of Soviet-style development projects. Yet, there is no doubt that many of the current environmental problems in Cuba result mainly from sovietization of the Cuban economy. Soil erosion and soil degradation are the main problems in agriculture. These problems started primarily due to the intensification of mechanized agriculture and the use of petrochemical herbicides and pesticides. [6] Agriculture is just one of the many environmental issues the island faces. In terms of the land, â€Å"the harm caused by permanent crops to these lands is primarily due to a lack of crop rotation causing soil depletion, poor agro-technical management and insufficient fertility measures. †[7] In 1970 La zafra de los diez millones, took place, in which the Cuban government attempted to break all historic sugar production records by producing a ten million ton sugar harvest. [8] The government fell short of their goal by two tons, but by this point the damage was already done. Because crops take so much nutrients from the land, farmers alternate crops each year to allow the land to recover. During la zafra de los diez millones crops were not alternated which took a heavy toll on the land. In Cuba, poorly designed and implemented agricultural development policies have been a major contributor to the degradation of the country’s soils: Soil degradation continued apace with the agricultural practices that came to prevail in Cuba during the first half of the twentieth century as more and more virgin islands were brought under sugarcane and livestock production. There is mounting evidence that the pace of soil deterioration intensified during the second half of the century, principally because of the widespread adoption of modern agricultural practices, particularly from the 1960s to the late 1980s. As in the Soviet Union and other socialist economies, the collectivization of the rural sector was regarded as necessary for achieving the goals of a centrally planned command economy. Collectivization would make possible economies of scale and bring the advantages of mechanization and modern scientific agriculture. You read "Cuba’s Environmental Problems" in category "Papers" 9] After the collectivization of land agrarian reforms were implemented to return the land to the state and to its’ citizens. But this shift in land ownership could have major environmental implications, especially after the fall of the Soviet Union. After the Soviets left Cuba, Cuban farming suffered a shortage of imported agricultural goods; leaving Cuban farmers to use traditional farming practices and some more modern techniques (such as rip irrigation) that are more environmentally friendly: The post-Soviet agricultural model is less dependent on imported agricultural practices that had been abandoned for their alleged backwardness: the large-scale use of beasts of burden, increased reliance on organic fertilizers and biological pest controls, the abandonment of marginal soils that had been brought under cultivation and made productive only by the intensive use of agricultural inputs, and a shift of urban labor to the countryside. [10] According to Diaz-Briquets and Perez-Lopez, more important than this change in agricultural practices, is that transferring the control of lands to farmers who are closely tied it, â€Å"and whose economic well-being will depend on the stewardship of the natural resource base, there is the expectation that the trend of soil deterioration†¦. may at least be slowed down†¦. [but] it is too early tell how successful the new agricultural policies will be. †[11] At this point, many of Cuba’s natural resources are in danger of extinction. Because Cuba has exported sugarcane as its main commodity, sugarcane has replaced natural flora and fauna. There was a time before 1959 when over 30 different kinds of bananas grew on the island, but most of the banana trees have been replaced by sugarcane. Cuba’s crops and animals have been affected by pests and diseases introduced from abroad; coastal pollution and excessive hunting also present severe threats to wildlife populations. [12] Water aquifers have been contaminated by pollutants (and saltwater on the coasts) and their levels are declining due to nearly unrestricted use. Similarly, waterflows reaching the coasts are also highly contaminated, which constantly hurts coral reefs and breeding grounds. Dam and reservoir construction has hurt coastal lagoons and mangroves: Cuba’s fresh water system (rivers/lakes/aquifers) has very serious problems. Under Castro’s policy of voluntad hidraulica, which called for not a single drop of fresh water to â€Å"be lost† to the ocean, the government has built over 1,000 large and small dams throughout the entire island, covering 1. 4% of Cuba’s territory. Although the benefits to Cuban agriculture are clear in terms of increased irrigated land (close to 1 million hectares), the ecological effect has been quite negative in terms of lowering the water’s oxygen level and increasing salinity. Dams have also blocked the dispersal of sediment and fresh water runoff over mangrove areas, contributing to a 30% average reduction of mangrove coverage and biodiversity loss[13] In fact, â€Å"the bays of Cuba are some of the most polluted in the world. Industrial, agricultural and human discharges into the sea, as well as deforestation for strip mining, have contributed to the pollution. [14] Water diversion to reservoirs is linked to the â€Å"virtual destruction of the oyster bed and major decline in the fish catch in the Casilda coastal region of southern Santa Clara Province. †[15] These factors, along with the excessive use of aquifer waters and wells used for sugar and citrus irrigation are contributing to the salinization of the water in Cuba. â€Å"Extensive water logging of coastal aquifers has lead to salinization and soil erosion. It has been estimated in 1991 that 600,000 ha have light to modest salinization levels, while the remainder show high levels of salinization. [16] The main source of water pollution lies in the industrial facilities, warehouses, and workshops and service entities located around the bay. Fifty-three industrial facilities are located in the immediate proximity of the bay, and another 84 industries produce waste that indirectly discharges into the bay through tributary streams. [17] These industrial areas include the port and the nickel industries that add to the contamination of the water supply. The port activity itself is also one of the major sources of contamination for the bay. It is estimated that the ships served in the port generate 150,000 tons of refuse per year. 18] Deforestation is also a factor contributing to the poor state of Cuba’s environment. Forests have not suffered nearly as much as the land, with conservation efforts bringing Cuba’s forests back to their 1945 levels, but conservation of forests has not meant saving all woodlands. One of the main problems environmentalists have with deforestation in Cuba is the fact that many of the available estimates regarding how much of the original forest cover remained before the revolution are based on rough figures made by observers with no credible statistical information. According to Eudel Eduardo Cepero: The irrational use of forests has become common practice under the Castro regime. As no current data are available on the actual total area of cover forest, the value of Cuba’s forest resources is unknown. Most of the remaining natural forests are in poor condition from being overexploited. An average of 200 forest fires occur each year, affecting some 5,000 hectares of forest. Reforestation has been precarious, due to poor quality seeds, a low survival rate of plantings, and a narrow range of forest species utilized. 19] The National Environmental Strategy offers statistics to support Cepero’s claims by offering statistical information, but not listing sources to verify its facts; it also states that the forests in Cuba have grown over the last few years, but that there is still much work to be done with regards to improving the forest cover in Cuba: Although the forest cover has increased constantly in the recent years – in th e last 43 years increasing to a total coverage of 2, 696, 587. 9 hectares, bringing us to a forested index of 24. 54% in 2005 – after-effects still persist from years of irrational exploitation of Cuban forests which practically eradicated our most valuable woodland resources†¦. Problems persist with the quality of most native forests as a consequence of prior mismanagement and exploitation – particularly in the most important watersheds. Problems also exist in the nation’s seedbed sources, which do not meet productivity or quality expectations. In addition, a lack of updated forest management plans, insufficient silviculture of forested areas, and insufficiencies and deficiencies in management plans continue to present challenges[20] The EAN suggests that more work be done to investigate invasive plant species that re threatening the native plants. It says that the survival rate of tree plantations and the success rate of trees growing to full maturity have improved over the last few years, but that the numbers are still substantially low when compared to the anticipated numbers. Also, the range of forest species used in â€Å"forestry activities† has been inadequate. Also suffering from the effects of sovietization and the special period is the biological diversity of the island. â€Å"A substantial, unquantified loss of biodiversity exists, due, among other reasons, to improper management of certain ecosystems, the application of intensive farming, the marketing of endangered species, as well as conditions making it easy for important genetic resources to leave the countryâ€Å". 21] Coral reefs, mangroves, the original forest (which used to cover most of the island) and rainforests are ecosystems that are suffering in Cuba. According to the EAN, the leading causes of this loss of biodiversity are: [1] Changes, fragmentation, or destruction of habitat/ecosystems/landscapes due primarily to changes in land use and inadequate practices employed in fishing, harvest, and agricultural soil preparation, among others. Overexploitation of resources, for example fishing and forestry resources. [3] Degradation and contamination of soils, water, and the atmosphere. 4] Introduction of exotic invasive species that displace or affect the functioning of ecosystems and native species. [5]Insufficient regulatory and control mechanisms to prevent and punish illegal activities, including unlawful hunting and fishing, trade in threatened species and other natural resources. [6]Climate change and the resulting intensification of dry periods, the incidence of torrential rains, temperature increase, sea level rise, in addition to the intensity and frequency of extreme natural disasters such as hurricanes. [7] Forest fires. [22] The EAN lists the goals it wishes to achieve and the necessary steps that should be taken in order to achieve these goals. Among these goals are increasing the amount of forest coverage to 26. 7% of national territory; have one million hectares of forest maintained by the National System of Criterion and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management; complete National Forestry Planning in 2007; reduce amount of lands affected by forest fires; 69% of forest cover used as a buffer to protect coastal areas, soils, water and conservation forests; management program for invasive plant species. 23] Before the Special Period much of the air pollution in Cuba was the result of its’ dependence on Soviet and Eastern European vehicles and factories that were contaminating the air: Urban pollution, could be partly traced to Cuba’s extreme reliance on inefficient and highly contaminating Soviet and Eastern European-built vehicles and factories. In the agricultural sector, a practice that resulted in much environmental damage was the promotion of Sovietstyle, large-scale state farm production model based on widespread mechanization, heavy chemical inputs (e. . , fertilizers and herbicides), and extensive irrigation[24] Air pollution in Cuba has increased significantly in the years since the Soviets left the island. â€Å" The absence of mitigation measures for emissions, inadequate control measures on the levels of noise generated by different activities, scarce information about the harmful effects on health and social behavior, the poor technical state of transport, and a lack of standards for emissions are also present. [25] There are few environmental reports available to the public that are based on analytical information that is collected systematically in the field and processed in laboratories. Cuban scientists state that: The two main sources of sulfuric gases within the city limits are the old thermal power plants of Tallapiedra in the Old Havana neighborhood and the Antonio Maceo plant in Regla, across the Bay of Havana. In both of these neighborhoods they recorded the highest level of environmental pollution, measuring up to 7. milligrams of sulfides per square decimeter per day at the Tallapiedra Power Plant†¦. Three secondary sources in the metallurgic, chemical and construction ind ustries were also associated with air pollution, all of them located in the environs of Havana Bay. [26] The Ministry of Public Health, better endowed for this purpose than other branches of government, has produced or published few precise documents dealing with health conditions and environmental degradation. Sulfur oxides, undesirable residues of combustion that are produced mostly in power plants when sulfur-rich fuels are burned, create respiratory problems and cause acid rain. Cuba replaced part of the vanished Soviet fuel imports of the late 1980s with domestic crude containing roughly six percent sulfur. It is used mostly in power plants and to run cement factories. [27] Diaz-Briquets and Perez-Lopez point out that the means of transportation in Cuba are getting old and, due to poor maintenance and inadequate resources to obtain parts, they are polluting and becoming harmful to the environment. Their conclusion is that â€Å"As long as the economic crisis continues, Cuba will not be able to modernize its fleet of cars, trucks, and buses (other than for those few vehicles serving the tourist industry)†. [28] If the Cuban government would allow media to spread environmental education to the citizens of Cuba and to the rest of the world, not only would it help efforts within Cuba to protect and improve the environment but it would also help efforts to improve the environment on a global level. The strategy points out that Article 27 of the Constitution of the Republic says: The state protects the nation’s environment and natural resources and recognizes their close relationship with sustainable economic and social development to make human life more rational and to ensure the survival, well being and security of present and future generations. It is the responsibility of proper governmental agencies to apply this policy. It is the duty of the citizens to contribute to the protection of the water, atmosphere, and the conservation of soil, wild flora and fauna and all the rich potential of nature. [29] Since Cuba has declared a national sovereignty over its natural resources and is actively working to restore and protect them, the state must also exercise rights over the country’s environment and resources. Similarly, Cuba must develop a national tendency towards â€Å"integrated natural resource management, commercial environmental management, and urban environmental management as fundamental traits of Cuban environmental management. †[30] The current embargo the United States has placed on Cuba keeps the island from growing economically. Which means that , since the economy is not changing or being stimulated, the people of Cuba are suffering. Meaning, because man poor, urban people cannot afford daily necessities, they resort to alternate ways to get everyday goods; even if it means depleting the natural resources. With the current government in Cuba and the restrictions caused by the embargo, it is hard to think that the Cuban environment will improve much in the next decade or two; but the National Environmental Strategy offers hope to the idea that Cuba’s environment will improve. The â€Å"National Environment Strategy 2007-2010† is dedicated to improving the environmental conditions of Cuba and finding a way to meet sustainable social and economic development goals. The eradication of extreme poverty is an achievement rooted in the very foundations of the revolutionary process. Achieving this is essential to the pursuit of environmental sustainability, first and foremost because extreme poverty cannot coexist with a healthy environment. The solution to this challenge is one of the principal achievements that Cuba can effectively show to the world. 31] The future of environmental reforms in Cuba will be influenced by a variety of cultural, economic, social, and political factors. Ultimate success or failure, however, will likely depend more on thorough laws, money, human capital, public involvement in environmental decision making, use of incentive-based tools, and international support. Strong environmental laws are a necessary foundation for sustaina ble development, but success will only occur with the continuing political will to implement and enforce them. How to cite Cuba’s Environmental Problems, Papers

Continue to remind society Essay Example For Students

Continue to remind society Essay According to Linden Lewis, the work on masculinity in the Caribbean is underdeveloped but what emerges from the literature is a characterization of men and masculinity which views the Caribbean male as powerful, exceedingly promiscuous, derelict in his parental responsibilities, absent from the household and when present fails to take any responsibility for domestic chores. The Caribbean male also comes across in this literature as possessing a propensity for female battering and a demonstrated valorization of alcohol and drug consumption. While this might be true for some Caribbean men, it is obviously not true for all. The Caribbean male is also defined in terms of the distinction between hegemonic masculinity and other subordinated forms of masculinity. Hegemonic masculinity refers to the practices of a particular representation of men and manliness. It refers to an orientation which is heterosexual and decidedly homophobic. It prides itself on its capacity for sexual conquest and ridicules those men who define their sexuality in different terms. Hegemonic masculinity often embraces certain misogynist tendencies in which women are considered inferior and violence against them is encouraged and condoned. Due to this perception, women who are stallions and can wuk. Departure from this form of masculinity could result in a questioning of ones manhood. As a result, hegemonic masculinity contains a high level of hostility directed toward homosexuality and to a lesser extent to men who perform oral sex. Homosexuality is seen as a phenomenon that undermines and fundamentally contradicts hegemonic masculinity and which brings much derision and wrath upon persons who engage in its practice. Men who perform oral sex are portrayed as unable to handle the wuk so he ejaculates prematurely. This characterization of the Caribbean male is located in several dancehall songs. Beenie Mans Ole Dawg Like We likens men to dogs and as such, it is expected of them to have more than one woman:  However, regardless of these two ladies performances, many critics like Norman Stolzoff, Coopers claim and brand dancehall as a medium that represents women as sexual objects and whatever power they gain in terms of their full-bodied sexuality is still to please men. Dancehall continues to perpetuate the image of man as dominant and controlling and women as their subjects. Also, these female performers could just be an example of women who even though they are challenging the male gaze in society is merely constructing their reality through the lens of the said male gaze where women are appreciated for their ass-ets and are not treated fairly. If these women want to effectively challenge their inherent subordinate role in society, it is necessary for them to develop a genuinely female gaze that represents them as human beings that can do any task just as well as a man can and not just reinterpret the male gaze. It is their responsibility to offer society a new definition of themselves that doesnt limit their opportunities as a mere consequence of their sex. It is important to note however that not all dancehall artistes take pleasure in degrading women. An emerging generation of young Jamaican artistes are subverting the dancehall scene and improving its prospects for international acceptance by taking the music back to its roots in reggae. This new breed is led by singers and songwriters such as Luciano, Sizzla, Capleton, Richie Stephens Warrior King and Tony Rebel. These artistes are on a mission to uplift women. In responding to the lewd nature of dancehall music, Tony Rebel said I think it has to do with how they were socialized, from the days of the Bible, the concept is that sin came into being because of the woman and apart from that most artisites do it because they get a good response from it. .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 , .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .postImageUrl , .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 , .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499:hover , .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499:visited , .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499:active { border:0!important; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499:active , .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Juvenile Delinquency And Society EssayIn his song, Virtuous Woman, Warrior King says a good woman is essential to a mans purpose and his missions, a good woman is a glory to her man, she will never take his power, she will just make him a better man. He was further quoted in an article as saying I love and honour the woman dem, nuh matter what race, class, creed or religion. I am sick and tired of men blaming the women for the wrongs of creation. Capleton refers to the Black Woman as the Mother of the Earth and often warns Never yuh dis Mother Earth, bwoy wise. Whereas Caribbean men are often times perceived as derelict in their responsibility to their families, Sizzla in his song Black Woman and Child contradicts this perception: For you I really have so much love  Dollar bills and coins will fade away,  They could never make I so proud  Queen Ifrica, a female artiste managed by Tony Rebel says she is frustrated with those that continue to disrespect but she is more disappointed with those females that condone this behaviour. She says Jamaica is a society where men consider themselves to be the head, so they feel they can do as they please with no consequences. And I think that women who condone it have low self-esteem, also if someone is to address the issue, these women would be the first one to bash you. Brenda Hamilton, a female manager in the male dominated business responsible for Baby Cham, said she is not at all impressed with artistes that disrespect women in their lyrics. The ones who do it are not respectful to their mothers, sisters or any other female family member as a matter (sic), if they had any respect at all, they would not think about doing it. Doctor Dread of RAS Records in his response to dancehall songs emphatically declared we are now tired of being passive observers. It is time to declare that slackness is done!. Again, Richie Stephens, in an interview with the Gleaner, said Women to me are like flowers, they help to beautify the world. Its very simple. A woman plays a very important role in a mans life, when a woman is around there is so much beauty. Its not hard to compliment the ladies.  Although these views contain some element of the traditional subordinate way in how women are represented, they tend to be kinder to women and recognize them as human beings with a voice, who are also valuable and not worth the degradation. This recognition can serve as a starting point for women to continue to break the conceptions of how they are normally viewed in society. CONCLUSION The derogatory lyrics about women in the dancehall seem to stem from those dancehall artistes trying to be hardcore. This leads dancehall to be seen as just another form wherein men try to protect their manliness and power in society. Through the denigration and degradation of women, DJs exert their power and emphasize the importance of males as dominant. Through the DJs hostility towards homosexuality, he is protecting what he values most, his sexuality. As much as society is tending towards greater equality between men and women, this is slow to becoming a reality in the dancehall. Women are still portrayed as sex objects worthy of slander and violence. This violence is even taken top the act of lovemaking where these DJs promote rough and wicked sex that will privilege the women with a near death experience. On the other hand, the fact that these women are scantily clad and openly display their sexuality could be a form of freedom or release for them. The degradation of women, however, does not go unchallenged as artistes who have become frustrated with the unequal treatment given to women, have risen up with counter lyrics that praise and honour women instead. Although these lyrics are sometimes a reflection womens subordinate state, it is an open door through which Caribbean women can continue to remind society of their existence independent of an attachment to a men. .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e , .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .postImageUrl , .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e , .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e:hover , .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e:visited , .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e:active { border:0!important; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e:active , .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In Todays World There Are Many Moral Issues That Take Place In Society EssayDancehall is often seen as a culture whose expression doesnt emit positive messages in society but one should not take it at face value. Rooted in dancehall is the expression of a subordinate or forgotten people that use dancehall lyrics as a medium for expressing their frustration at a system that they believe is built to preclude them. This is demonstrated in Bounti Killas rendition of Poor People Fed Up:  Poor people fed up  Cause the system sheg up  In this way, gender and class share a similar relationship. The persons at the lower class are discriminated against because of their social status and as such are not given fair and equal treatment in society. In terms of gender, because women are the lesser sex, they are not given fair and equal treatment either. Therefore, dancehall tends to reflect the mood of the disadvantaged. As far as expressions of masculinity and feminity in the dancehall are concerned, men are still dominant and women are inferior but this is changing. Women have entered the dancehall arena as performers but they need to emancipate themselves from the shackle of the male gazer and create an original female gaze. Other male artistes are now defending the rights of women as human being and worthy of respect. However, it will take a more concerted effort by our women to bring about change. This involves women who perform, women who are in administrative positions and women who listen to these songs. This is something that affects us and if we want to bring about change then we have to consistently use every medium available to us to enhance our status in society.

Private

The level of organizational cohesion and complexity is necessary to consider industry partnerships The world is increasingly becoming a small global village. With this has come a serious competition as firms face off one another within the same market. In such a competitive market, it forces such a firm to come up with competitive strategies in order manage such competition. Partnerships form one of the most important strategies of managing such a competition.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Private-Public Sector Partnerships specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Firms are coming together to form larger and more complex partnerships (Akintoye, 2008). In order to form a partnership, firms entering the partnership must have a legally binding cohesive factor that none of them can contravene. The cohesive factor should be intertwined in the overall goal that all the partners are seeking to achieve. It is important to ensure that when determining the cohesiveness of the partners, the bar should not be set in a way that others will consider it as a punitive process. Each of the partners should appreciate that there is a shared goal and that for this to be a success such a binding factor should be determined in order to avoid any form of misunderstanding. It is also important to determine organizational complexity. According to Yescombe (2007), organizational complexity can be looked at from various fronts. When forming partnerships, it is always imperative to ensure that all the involved parties have an understanding of the organizational complexity of each member. The complexity should be ‘simple’ enough to be understood by all the parties. This is important because when not all the partners understand the organizational structure of the other party, it becomes easy to have cases where one acts in contrary to the principles of the other. The partners should not be too complex to be understood by others. On the other hand, such an organization should not be too simple in its structure that it creates the perception that it lacks a clear proper focus (Yong, 2010). All the important structure of the organization should be clearly defined, with a clear definition of how they relate, and how they help achieve the overall organizational goals. This way, each partner will come into the partnership with a clear understanding of the other partners, and all the structures that are being brought into the partnership. How partnerships affect organizational performance Entering partnerships will have a direct effect on the performance of a firm. According to Urio (2010), when a firm operates independently as a unit, it will be liable to all the actions taken in the day-to-day activities of the firm. This will change when such a firm joins hands with other firms to form a unit.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The effect of partnership on the performance of an organization will vary depending on the terms of the partnership and the overall goal set to be achieved in the partnership. according to Kellerman (2009), there are some cases where organizations come together to form an umbrella that represents their mutual interest but leaves room for individual firm to determine how it wishes to operate. Such a partnership may not have serious effects on the organization (Grimsey Lewis, 2007). This scholar says that when a partnership has a limited authority over the general management of individual member firm, then every organization will be responsible for its performance. In most partnerships, individual organization would be bound to operate within the confines of the law set within the partnership. The senior officials of the partnership would make every strategic decision, and if a firm were to come up with a strategy that is new, the app roval of these top officials would be needed. Such partnership would have heavy effect on the partners. The effect can be either positive or negative, depending on a number of factors. Positive Effects Partnerships have become very common in the near past. Organizations are forming partnerships, especially when they have similar interests in the market. This can only mean that it has a number of positive effects. The following are some of the benefits of partnerships. When in partnerships, firms get opportunity to share a number of challenges that face the industry. When working as a large unit, it becomes very easy to take care of such challenges as increasingly power of the supplier. In the current market, suppliers are becoming very powerful. With a powerful supplier, firms get to suffer because the supplier would dictate the price to sell their products. When working as a team, it gives individual members of the organization, through the partnership, power to control the supplie rs (Geddes, 2005). They will be speaking with one voice when handling suppliers and this will increase their individual profitability.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Private-Public Sector Partnerships specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Partnerships also create monopoly in the market when dealing with customers. Customers in the contemporary market have become increasingly complex. They are very demanding, and individual members of the organization always go extra miles in order to satisfy them. This may involve engaging in acts that may lead to reduced profits or even loss to the firm. When these individual firms form a unit in the market, they will have a stronger bargaining power in the market. They will dictate the price at which their products should be sold (Hodge Boardman, 2010). This may not necessarily mean that they will have power to frustrate their customers. On the contrary, they will be forming a unit to serve them better, but in a way that will be avoiding any frustrations that may come from a section of the customers. Partnerships may also improve the performance of the organizations because of a joined effort. When these organizations come together, they get the opportunity to share their resources in a manner that will enhance their performance. The partnership will have increased financial power. This would mean that the firm would be in a position to generate all the needed finance internally without the need to source for it from such institution as commercial banks, which come with interests. This avoidance of the fine would increase the profitability of the firm (Pattberg, 2012). It is also important to note that in partnerships, individual partners always come to the partnership with different skills and expertise. When such experiences are shared, the organization will emerge stronger and better positioned to meet market challenges. Negative Effects Although pa rtnerships come with a number of advantages to the members, it has a number of negative effects that it carries with it. The first negative consequence of such partnerships is the increased duration of making decision. Unlike when operating individually, making decision in partnerships always take very long time because of the consultative nature of the process.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Different partners will have to be consulted in order to come up with a decision that is mutually accepted. This process is very tedious and time consuming (Hodge, 2005). In some of the cases, an opportunity may pass by without being tapped because the decision-making unit did not agree on the approach to be taken, or it took too long to reach a consensus. In other cases, what one member of the partnership prefers in not what another prefers. This leads to compromises among the members where a group will feel obliged to take actions some of which may be against their principles. Partnerships exist because of the value driven from them. From partnerships, organizations get to benefit from a number of fronts. There will be financial benefits from such organizations. Other than the direct financial benefits as discussed above, there is the cost sharing of some activities within the partnership. For instance, a firm may need to outsource IT services. This may be a costly venture, especi ally if the services to be outsourced are expensive. However, when in a partnership, members of the partnership will be called upon to share the costs, reducing the weight that would have been felt by an individual firm (Endicott, 1993). When operating as a single unit within the partnership, costs of expansion projects will be shared by the members as this will also offer financial relief to individual member of the organization. Partnerships also help in handling the market issues. The market is varied as individuals within the society are. However, firms always categorize the market into three main segments based on the income. There is always the low class with limited purchasing power. There is the middle class with a higher purchasing power but not as high as that of the high class. Then the last class is made up of the rich. Each of these three classes has characteristics distinct to itself. Targeting all the three market segments at a time may be very challenging. When in pa rtnerships, this challenge can easily be eliminated because each partner can be instructed to target a specific market segment. The segmentation can be done further based on gender and age, and depending on the number of partners, each segment can be assigned to an individual partner. This creates a situation where the presence of this firm is felt in every segment of the market. This will also reduce time taken by the organization to reach the market with its products. Each department will have a clear focus of the market segment targeted, and they will always be responsible for coming up with strategies to ensure speedy introduction of the firm’s product into the market. A partnership also increases the availability of vital information within the partnership and with customers. Customers need constant information, especially about new products or on how to use products they buy (Levy, 2011). To help disseminate such information, there is need to ensure that there is increa sed labor force that will be assigned such duties. This is what partnership offers. The large workforce can be assigned to take care of the customers. Such a workforce will also work well in ensuring that there is coordination among various departments. References Akintoye, A. (2008). Public-Private Partnerships: Managing Risks and Opportunities. Chichester: John Wiley Sons. Endicott, E. (1993). Land conservation through public/private partnerships. Washington: Island Press. Geddes, M. (2005). Making public private partnerships work: Building relationships and understanding cultures. Burlington: Gower. Grimsey, D., Lewis, M. K. (2007). Public private partnerships: The worldwide revolution in infrastructure provision and project finance. Cheltenham: Elgar. Hodge, G. (2005). The challenge of public private partnerships: Learning from international experience. Cheltenham: Elgar. Hodge, G., Boardman, A. (2010). International handbook on public-private partnerships. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Kellerman, L. (2009). Public-private partnerships. New York: Nova Science. Levy, S. (2011). Public-private partnerships: Case studies on infrastructure development. Reston: ASCE Press. Pattberg, P. (2012). Public-private partnerships for sustainable development: Emergence, influence and legitimacy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Urio, P. (2010). Public-private partnerships: Success and failure factors for in-transition countries. Lanham: University Press of America. Yescombe, E. (2007). Public-private partnerships: Principles of policy and finance. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Yong, H. (2010). Public-private partnerships policy and practice: A reference guide. London: Commonwealth Secretarial. This coursework on Private-Public Sector Partnerships was written and submitted by user Shaniya O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Nomenclature for hazard and risk assessment in the process industries essay

Nomenclature for hazard and risk assessment in the process industries essay Nomenclature for hazard and risk assessment in the process industries essay Nomenclature for hazard and risk assessment in the process industries essayThe choice of the bank is very important for me because it determines the safety of my funds. This is why reliability of the bank and its stability are the major factors that determine my choice of the bank. At the same time, the choice of the bank also depends on other factors that may be revealed through the analysis of the bank’s performance and its history, both long-run and short-run. At this point, I would consider carefully whether to support or not the decision to remove some of the over-burdening regulations since the performance and history of the bank can help to determine, whether the bank can afford such changes without any considerable threats and risks to its clients or not.The reasons I chose this bank are diverse but the major reason or the choice of the bank was its reliability since the bank has managed to stumble through the last economic recession and mortgage crisis successfully. M oreover, as I studied the history of the bank, which dates back to the middle of the 20th century, the bank has managed to overcome other economic crises successfully too. This is why the bank has proved to be reliable and stable. Therefore, I decided that the bank is unlikely to face a steep decline in the nearest future and I can deposit my free funds into this bank,The special features this bank offers that attracted me the most is the relatively high benefits which I could obtain for my deposits that make it more profitable than the average bank in the industry can offer to me at the moment. At least, I am taking into consideration only those banks, which have proved to be reliable and stable and which have been operating over two decades at the least (Finley, 2007). The analysis of the history of the bank is very important because it does not only shows that the bank has managed to overcome serious financial crises but also the bank’s history reveals how the bank deals w ith difficult, challenging situations, which may emerge unexpectedly. My bank has proved to be able to deal with those challenges successfully. At the same time, the ‘special feature’ of the bank is the current focus on the increasing deposit of customers of the bank. The bank has declared the increase of customers’ deposits as one of its major priorities at the moment. This is why the bank offers attractive interest rates for consumers, who want to deposit their money into the bank. The relatively high or above the average interest rate makes the bank attractive for customers, at any rate in terms of short-run investment of free funds.The regulations this bank faces concern the shift toward the effective management of customers’ deposits and increase of deposits made by consumers with regard to the level of capitalization of the bank (Seitanidi, 2008). At the moment, the bank insists on the liberalization of its policies concerning the attraction of new c ustomers and their deposits, on the one hand, and the level of capitalization of the bank on the other. The bank stands on the ground that it has sufficient capital and can raise more funds, if necessary, to cover unexpected risks and threats since the bank has extensive experience of risk management in the time of economic crises and financial difficulties, which accompanied those crises.In this regard, it is necessary to take into consideration recent changes this bank has gone through. To put it more precisely, the bank has undergone a considerable change in the course of its business development recently. The bank used to focus on both investment projects and deposits of customers. However, after the economic recession of 2008, the bank had to refuse from its investment banking operations and focused on deposits entirely. At first, the shift seemed to be painful for the bank, which was quite successful in both deposit and investment management. However, the bank preferred to foc us on more reliable branch, which was vulnerable to fewer risks compared to investment banking branch, which has started to bring the bank considerable financial losses, especially in 2007-2008 (Jones, 2012). As a result, the bank had to obey to new regulations and focused on deposits entirely. However, the bank decided to boost its deposit branch which required more liberal policies and decreasing of regulations in this field.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As for the manager’s request, I would rather support it than decline it because I believe the bank is at the strong position to keep growing and enhancing its performance, while the decrease of the overregulation will stimulate the further growth of the bank and its business development. In fact, the bank should get a chance and boost its business development after the completion of the shift toward a deposit banking business only.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, I believe that the request o f the manager should receive my support to help the bank to enhance its business development and bring me profits in the future.

Gun Control Legislation (Do stricter laws correlate to lower homicide Thesis

Gun Control Legislation (Do stricter laws correlate to lower homicide rates, fewer gun related crimes and less illegal weapons) - Thesis Example This book illustrates the author’s research on crime, prevention, and the authority to have concealed weapons. He severely condemns the notion that it is unjustified to allow citizens to carry guns, as it is harmful to the society, however, concealed weapons is only dangerous to the criminals and useful to the common man. The writer provides data of 3000 U.S. countries who imposed gun laws over 18 years (Lott, 2010) and as a result, the crime rate like murder, theft went down immediately. Moreover, according to Lott, the people who benefitted were mostly women, Blacks, and individuals living in the rural areas. However, in the book some statistics is rather dull and boring especially the data tables. This book is an excellent read especially for those who believe that gun laws should be implemented. Moreover, the book offers us a variety of debates that help us argue people who are in support of gun control. This source however, does not give much emphasis on the gun laws of A merica, instead, it provides data of gun control laws of other countries. The article gives information about Colorado’s mass killing that took lives of twelve people and fifty eight were injured. Living in America is extremely threatening because a person is more likely to be killed in the US than any other country like Britain, Japan and Germany. Moreover, the article gives credible information about why the crime rate is so high in America by telling, â€Å"two- thirds of the people in America carry guns, whereas in Britain only 10% of the people carry weapons† (Colorado’s dark night). The article shed lights on Obama’s failed strategy of gun control and the condition of the country is getting worse as a result. Every politician hides behind the Second Amendment constitution, which says the people have the right to carry arms. The

Ethical behavior in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical behavior in business - Essay Example This incident is a serious matter that should not be treated lightly. To clean up the mess the company has to invest millions of dollars, but the damage caused by the spillage hurt the ecosystem and killed thousands of animals. Big Dirty Oil faces an ethical dilemma in regard to how the firm should approach the problem. This essay includes the view and perspective of three stakeholders: CEO, local fisherman, and the shareholders of the company. The CEO of a company is the person that has the most power within an organization. When a firm faces any controversial situations the CEO must act as the spokesman of the organization. The oil spillage that occurred off the coast of British Columbia and Alaska was a major crisis that had to be attended to immediately. The CEO of the company must find a balance between doing the right thing and maximizing shareholders’ wealth. Maximizing shareholders’ wealth is the goal of all publicly traded companies. In light of the sensitive situation the CEO should have reacted in a different manner. The current position of the CEO is that the incident was a tragedy and he offered two million dollars to aid in the clean up. The proposal of the CEO was outrageous due to the fact that it could cost hundreds of millions of dollars to properly clean up the area. The CEO acted in an unethical manner. Instead of facing up to the problem he dismissed the protests against the company by ca lling the protesters â€Å"the outpourings of Greenies and other fanatics.† The reality was that the company had polluted thousands of square meters of water and killed thousands of fish and wildlife in the region. These creatures no longer had a habitat to live. The stance taken by the CEO was wrong. He cared more about the quarterly profits of the company than about the well being of thousands of animals and hundreds of fishermen that depended on fishing in the region everyday to support their families. The fishermen in

Challenges Faced by IKEA

Challenges Faced by IKEA IKEA is a house furnishing store that have been franchise store. IKEA was firstly opened in Sweden, the owner and franchiser of IKEA is from Netherlands and store in almost in 31 countries. Their business concept is We shall offer a wide range of well-designed, functional home furnishing products at prices so low that as many people as possible will be able to afford them. This source is adapted from IKEA provides catalogue and visiting store for customer so its very easy for customer to choose the furniture and pick it up from the self warehouse. Today customization and new product in market is very important due to customer demanding for more and consumer market is changing faster. (Cox and Alam 1998) IKEA has strong ideas in customizing its product to suit the tastes of local markets because IKEA does all the analysis before venture to other country markets. (Cox and Alam 1998). Initially IKEA was not interested in customizing their product but went enter us market IKEA faces customer indifferences so eventually IKEA decided to customize their product. The reason why today we are discussing about IKEA is because for the first time in history an ordinary furnishing retail shop have been franchise all over the world and become very famous among everyone. (Cox and Alam 1998). Due to that we are going to analysis about IKEAs product and promotion to know their secret of success. The typical IKEA customer is young and low to middle income family and in another word can say as that is IKEA target customer. Marketing mix is has 4 ps: place (distribution), promotion, price and product, three extended marketing mix are people, process and physical evidence. According to Philip Kotler (2006) marketing mix a modern marketing system. This concept helps marketers to market the product more systematically. (Armstrong and Kotler 2006). Product strategy begins from marketing mix. (Armstrong and Kotler 2006). Product is goods that a company wants to sell. (Armstrong and Kotler 2006) IKEA produce almost everything that people need for a home. (Armstrong and Kotler 2006). HISTORY OF IKEA The year IKEA was established in 1943 by Ingvar kamprad to sell, pens, wallets and so on. In year 1958, IKEA grew and was introduced as a leader of Swedish Furniture and started to produce local furniture by local manufacturers. Later creating furniture for flat packs and self-assembly to reduce storage space. IKEA slowly expanded their business by opening up kitchenware and restaurant. The largest furniture IKEA display was in Scandinavia and the first store to be open was in Almhult, Sweden. From there IKEA develeoped by opening more stores in other countries such as Germany, Norway and so forth. The advantages of IKEA selling the product in other countries: less-expensive so customer will afford to buy the product according to the country they are located. There are 279 IKEA stores all over the world and IKEA is store in 36 countries. In 279 stores, IKEA group owns 247 stores in 24 countries and the rest is managed by franchise in 16 countries. In Asia IKEA groups only two stores they are located at Japan and China. The first country that IKEA considered to enter was Japan. Because of differences in mentality, culture, lifestyle, behavior and so on, IKEA faceed failure in Japan. In 1986 IKEA needed to shut down their store in Japan because of failure, they re-entered the market again after two years and opened 3 stores in Japan. The second country that IKEA decided to enter in Asia was China. Almost 6 stores had been opened in China and IKEA decided to open more in the future. IKEA provides abundant resources, cheap labor and invest in China market because to comfort for its investment. Due to bureaucracy system there are some challenges IKEA faces, high tax and so on. IKEA also creates an enterprise myth and become biggest furniture retail in world. Even though Japan and china located in Asia but Japan have unique characteristics. Since Japan needs an adaptation IKEA entered twice in Japanese market in order to establish their market. CORE OBJECTIVES, GOALS AND VISION OF IKEA IKEAs main objective is to invest and expand their business while maximize profit in return. IKEA also ensure that catalogue is distribute to the targeted people, so that they can become IKEA customer in terms of demographic attributes and they might travel to the store. The IKEAs vision is to create everyday life for many people everyday life for the many people. IKEAs goal is to produce or offer a wide range of well designed product, functional home furnishing product, interior and so on in a low price so many people will be afford to buy their products. On top of that IKEA trying level best to build up a good relationship with the customer and come up with funny strategy to attract customer. Basically IKEAs concept is to sell good product in a low price. Challenges faced by IKEA in international environment Furniture from Sweden is sold in the USA  is relatively higher even though the price of Sweden drop every year so IKEA is finding a solution for it, shipping from Europe to other country takes around 1 to 2 months and shipping cost is expensive. Countries like Japan IKEA have to customize the product and packaging according to their taste because previously when IKEA come up with standardization IKEA fails so to overcome this they now maintaining standardization, economy concern by rising living costs and depleting disposable income its a treat on performance of the IKEA business in u.k and u.s.a market specifically. By expand their business abroad IKEA has increase competition for international business and lot of competitor so IKEA had customize and standardize their product to attract the customer but the same IKEA also have to learnt other country market in order to compete wit them. IKEA business is successful in Europe, but it has met lots of challenges in the Chinese market. After 8 years entering into Chinese market, it has opened only 4 shops, and the sales portion in the Chinese market is less than 10% of its outlets. IKEA has been encountered in lot of problems when entering into the market especially developing countries. Product The product is anything that satisfies our want or need and product that can be marketed is including physical goods, services and so on. (Philip Kotler). The product decision also included aspects such as delivery arrangement financing warehousing and things that useful for people. (Philip Kotler) According to IKEA management they did not did any differentiations in their product ranges and way they conduct when going international especially on French and Chinese market. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications) .Product in Swedish and France, there is no major differences between products. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications)In a research the author found out that all of those products were same for example kitchen and dining room, living room, bedroom, the house organization, decoration, lighting, and so forth. Comparing catalogues in different countries the catalogues was almost same and only two dissimilarities was found is: The French catalogue offers cupboards is much more variety of size than Swedish catalogue. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications) The French catalogue presents wider range of available to purchase mattresses. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications) The Chinese catalogues have been divided into 5 categories in order to increase purchase and increase number of localized product in Chinese market. (Bjà ¶rk, 2000, Lewis, 2005) It is it is obvious that localized product is more in Chinese market for example kitchen wares as chopsticks, Chinese textile and so on. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications) Product range is wider in china compare to Sweden and France, during any festival or special occasions IKEA introduce new product in china. (Thrane Carlsen, 2005) IKEA keeps flat packaging strategy and democratic design (function + design + low price = democratic design) strategy on market every market. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications) The product line of IKEA has been considered in every situation as the IKEA identify and also the product concept is given IOS which means IKEA of Sweden. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications). All the product of IKEA which have been selling all over the world is conformed to the European Union (eu) and national norms in order to maintain the quality standard. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications) IKEA with Skanska offer not only product but apartment and furnished by IKEA products. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications). IKEA sells most the product with the same standards because management and communication models wants to expand the same image of Sweden to worldwide. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications). IKEA has to introduce much more localized products into the Chinese market and reduce the price because its relatively higher than domestic furniture products in China. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications) .Due to Chinese market are relatively low cultural content and much more dimensions so more localized products are introduced to the Chinese market. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications) When IKEA sells product to the French market, they must be very careful because French people has high taste of art, and take serious consideration of product design, color shade and so on. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications). IKEA until t oday could maintain their product standard because they manufacture and produce their own product. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications) IKEA only picks good timber in order to produce furniture and pick the best raw material to produce product and also can say as this is the secret of IKEA product. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications) PROMOTION The function of promotion is to attract customer behavior in order to close the deal or sale. (Neil H.Bordens).The way to promote is trough advertisement, sales promotion, public promotion and etc. (Neil H.Bordens).IKEA does not spend that much in promotion but yet they try to use all the time different communication forms to advertise and promote their furniture and so on. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications). Apart from that maybe can find media advertising via television and internet, IKEA catalogue advertisement, like IKEA bedroom-car riding all over USA or big square and so on. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications). The brand IKEA is kept on three markets as every product is sold under IKEA brand, the registered trademark at the world dimension. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications). This brand appears in every product and packaging. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications). In china IKEA first time used media to make promotion by playing 8-minute TV show. (Thrane Carlsen, 2005). All IKEA products could be viewed in catalog or website but must purchase in the store, for Chinese customer furniture are directly delivered to home for free. (Thrane Carlsen, 2005) Basically IKEA come with this catalogue and so on is for family-orientation and IKEAs policy of comfortable home. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications). IKEA have come up with different design of catalogue in different country according to their lifestyle and environment and so on. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications).IKEA has completely different way of communicate with its customer. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications).IKEA Mostly advertises in website and present not only furniture but also involvement latest design of computer science that they have used to attract the customer. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications).IKEA has undertaken a few adaptations in its product design and sales promotions with different focus according to the feature of target market. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications). IKEA give a feeling that IKEAs is very close to the cu stomer, because they have trained the staff in that way to maintain a very good relationship with the customer. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications). By doing this IKEA thinks that is one of the effective ways of marketing and to promote their product to customer. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications). Price Price means the pricing strategy that be used for a product or service. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications). The pricing decision should be taken into account profit margin and probable pricing response of competitor in order to compete with them. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications) The pricing is not only list price but also include discounts, financing and others. Price is one of the most important issues in the process of coming up with ideas, distributing and manufacturing products, designing and so forth. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications). All the company keeps its strategy of prices by offering wide range of products with stylish design, good quality with reasonable price so people can afford to buy it.usuniers argument is about the culture influence on pricing is a bit weak. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications).IKEAs pricing policy is cost oriented as well as customer value oriented but its not necessarily culture based. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications).Despite, china situation is not stable due to economical conditions but they seem to be better and better. (Bjà ¶rk, 2000, Lewis, 2005).IKEA try to maintain the prices all over its shop and mostly succeed but not always those following are IKEAs objective for providing furniture in a lower price in different markets: (Bjà ¶rk, 2000, Lewis, 2005) Learn different elements of the production cost for example color of mugs. (Bjà ¶rk, 2000, Lewis, 2005) Find cheap techniques of production or cheaper manufacturers for example in China. (Bjà ¶rk, 2000, Lewis, 2005) Rduce additional cost in the production, the transport and the management, for example to pack products in flat packages. (Bjà ¶rk, 2000, Lewis, 2005). Long-term orientation is one of the core Chinese cultures people are very concern about the quality and price, so IKEA have to come up with reasonable price in Chinese market. (Bjà ¶rk, 2000, Lewis, 2005) However price is not a problem in Europe, as IKEAs product is always of good quality and lower price, so IKEA focus more on sales promotion to gain the market share in Europe. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications).IKEA designers, manufactures and purchasers still spending most of their days to find a solution to low the price of IKEA product and they wants customer to buy high value product in a cheap price. (E. Lewis; Cyan Communications). CONCLUSION IKEA have franchise their market and also was successful in overseas. In fact IKEA have failed initially before they made it in Japan especially. IKEA have to come up with more strategy and try to venture in more business. They also should open up more IKEAs in overseas and maximize the promotion in order to reach the target customer. Before open up a business IKEA should analysis the country market whether adaption or standardization to be applied in the particular country so that the company will never face failure. From the analysis, it shows that IKEA has strong relationship of network structure, large number and customer in worldwide to internationalize. Actually in a market survey on target customer everyone says that no any command on IKEAs product because their quality of product is very good and worth of buying it and also last for many years. IKEA products are affected in abroad market because of cultural factors and political factors. For example Japan people doesnt like i nternational product and got to customize the product. Political factors are affected like there is some barriers in some countries that standardization packaging is not allowed and they have change the packagings due to this IKEA have to spend allowed. RECOMMENDATION IKEA have to always pre-planned and alert with market situation and move forward in order to ovoid unnecessary cost. They have to come with a strong strategy so that other competitor can beat up their market. IKEA is very confident that their quality of product is very good and competitors cannot compete with but IKEA but mustnt be like that because nowadays cant predict or underestimate about competitor. IKEA always must be ready to face consequence or either successful. IKEA also should promote more their product and organize lot of event in order to make the brand more popular among people. IKEA must give lot of sponsor of charity, sports and all in order to attract customer. The best ways in distribute flyers, article and so on about IKEA products and how good quality products they are using for example.