Essay On The Health Care Delivery System - 945 Words

The Health Care Delivery System There are certain credentials the health care industry require to regulate the profession, its members, and their performance. The three major ways for this to be done are through licensure, certification, and accreditation. According to Alleman Houle (2013) â€Å"licensure is the granting of authority to practice† (p. 221). It can be further described as a process by which government agencies give permission (time-limited) to an individual to undertake a specific occupation after verifying that he/she is qualified for this privilege. Licensure is usually granted through standardized criteria, such as education, experience, and examination. Licensure is required in health care organizations as â€Å"licensing is†¦show more content†¦The majority of respondents thought it important for physicians to be reevaluated on their qualifications every few years and that physicians should do more to demonstrate ongoing competence than is curren tly required by the profession† (Brennan et al., 2004). Silvis (2011) described accreditation as â€Å"A voluntary process by which a nongovernmental entity grants a time-limited recognition or credentials to an organization after verifying that predetermined and standardized criteria are met.† In respect to nursing, â€Å"accreditation is the formal review and approval by a recognized agency of educational degree or certification programs in nursing or nursing-related programs† (Alleman Houle, 2013, p. 221). It is important to have academic accreditation in any field of study, but more so, it is extremely important to healthcare. Due to the high level of competition and growth in the healthcare industry, educational institutions have to compete for the highest educational credentials. Accreditation is required in health care organizations because it â€Å"reflects an agency’s dedication and commitment to meeting standards that demonstrate a higher level of performance and patient care† (ACHC, 2015). Accredita tion is also required in healthcare-related professions, because state licensure definitely require thatShow MoreRelatedEssay On Germany Health Care Delivery System826 Words   |  4 PagesThe report examines and compares aspects of health systems around the world. It also provides conceptual insights into the complex factors that explain how health systems perform, and offers practical advice on how to assess performance and achieve improvements with available resources. What is most surprising about the ranking is the economic components that assist in these two rankings. The United States has a gross domestic product of 18.57 trillion while in contrast, Germany has a one of 34.66Read MoreEssay on History of the U.S. Health Care Delivery System1969 Words   |  8 PagesHistory of the U.S. Health Care Delivery System Over the course of our countries history, the delivery of our health care system has tried to meet the needs of our growing and changing population. However, we somehow seem to fall short in delivering our goals of providing quality, affordable and accessible healthcare to our citizens. The history of our delivery system will show we continuously changed the delivery of our system however never mange to control cost. If we can come up with efficientRead MoreHealth Care Vs. Healthcare System1052 Words   |  5 Pages Body system requires functioning well in order to be active to perform daily living activities. Unfortunately, there are many health related issues and diseases that have been serious challenges to human kind. 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Healthcare Delivery System Essay792 Words   |  4 Pagesintroduction of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) brought a lot of changes in every aspect of healthcare delivery, from reimbursement to quality control to elimination of wasteful and inefficient practices and having huge impact on the U.S. healthcare delivery system, with many more changes to come. When leaders in healthcare organizations are asked, â€Å"what’s the one word that best characterizes the impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on the U.S. healthcare delivery system,† most will answer â€Å"change†Read MoreRising Cost of Health Care1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe Rising Cost of Health Care: Effects on Access to Care The rising cost of health care is a trend that is negatively influencing access to health care. According to our course textbook, Policy and Politics in Nursing and Health Care, over 46 million Americans did not have health coverage in 2008, and 25 million American adults were underinsured (p. 124-125). For most people, this can be attributed to the high cost of premiums, co-pays, and deductibles. The purpose of this paper is to discussRead MoreDoes Health System Formation Raise Negotiated Price Of Cardiac Surgeries?1729 Words   |  7 Pages Essay 2: Does Health System Formation Raise Negotiated Price of Cardiac surgeries? Price Differences Before and After Selected Health System Formations â€Æ' 1. Introduction Trend in US Health System Formations A process of transformation in the US hospital industry started in the 1980s, with a hospital consolidation trend that completely changed the entire health care sector in the US (Bazzoli, Dynan, Burns, Yap, 2004; Gaynor Haas-Wilson, 1999; Lesser Ginsburg, 2000). At the start of the 1990sRead MoreThe Australian Health Care System1528 Words   |  7 PagesThe Australian health care system is a highly functioning and accessible system based on universal principles of access and equity. 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The social determinants of health in terms of social justice and equality, moreover, are significant factors in accessingRead MoreThe Future Challenges of Healthcare Management607 Words   |  3 PagesTHE FUTURE CHALLENGES OF HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT Timan Wainaina Essay March 5, 2016 Health care management denotes the management of clinical information technology and

Essay about Democracy - 1421 Words

Like a living organism, democracy must be born into a time where the parents, circumstances, are right to understand the potential of such a child, democracy, and the soil, society, may be described as the type of state that is ready to accept and nurture that child. Metaphors aside, democracy has been noted to provide a better opportunity for human development. Democracy is also commonly defined as a political system that is associated with free and fair elections. A democratic regime simply refers to a system of governance that places sovereignty in the citizen’s hands which allow them to contribute to the process of decision-making through their elected officials. Democracy is not as old as many may originally think. As recent as 1974,†¦show more content†¦These breakdowns can occur through military action, a seizure of power by the opposition, or a collapse of the state. When a collapse occurs, the state cannot coerce and is unable to successfully control the inha bitants of the given territory. Diamond conveys an important reason why some authoritarian regimes lose domestic legitimacy. The citizens of a state may not be confident in their government when â€Å"†¦ they fulfill their self-proclaimed missions and become redundant or when they completely fail to do so and clearly cannot deliver,† (Diamond 91). Failures of dictatorial regimes in countries like Greece and Argentina were a result of bad economic or political performances. Another example of authoritarian failure occurred in Africa in the early 1990s. Most African countries were severely set back because of massive foreign debts. In order to pay back some of these loans, many governments of these African countries would use almost four times their export earnings leaving the government with no funds to provide basic services for its citizens. These failures were not just economic but political as well. It got to a point where these â€Å"†¦ authoritarian states bec ame too broke to buy off their opposition and too exhausted to repress them, protests escalated,† (Diamond 93). These protests had prompted not just a change in the leader, but a change in theShow MoreRelatedDemocracy Is Not A Democracy1297 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Democracy... while it lasts is more bloody than either aristocracy or monarchy. Remember, democracy never lasts long. It soon wastes, exhausts, and murders itself. There is never a democracy that did not commit suicide.† said by John Adams Defines our country s government to a tea Democracy commonly refers to a type of political system in which the people or their representatives lawfully govern themselves, rather than being governed, say, by a military dictatorship, totalitarian party or monarchRead MoreDemocracy : Democracy Vs. Democracy1589 Words   |  7 PagesDemocracy is a Greek invention, first practiced in the ancient Greek city of Athens. In the late 20th century, Democracy triumphed over all ot her major ideological systems, so overpowering was its victory that former critics now began to advocate their own democratic credentials. The vigorous rise of democracy has continued ever since and today there are over 112 self-proclaimed democratic countries around the world(Kekic 2007), whether all these countries are truly democratic or not is debatableRead MoreDemocracy And Its Impact On Democracy965 Words   |  4 Pages How are they related to democracy, concepts discuss the procedures that make democracy possible. Democracy related to our lives by looking for the right thing to do, for every one of us have equality and freedom of speech, we could have multiple ideas it might change the ideology of the country, we also could related the democracy by looking at the facts. The facts are Free Elections, Political Participation, Civil Liberties, and Functioning Government. The democracy is one of the most common typesRead MoreDemocracy And Its Impact On Democracy1329 Words   |  6 Pages Democracy is a particular form of government the means, â€Å"ruled by the people†. The Greeks are widely credited for the concept of democracy, around six B.C. Many political science experts consider the early Greek government, to be a perfect for of democracy. People had the ability to decide various government issues, and the right to suffrage. Through out time, the concept of democracy was established by many nations. The United States, is widely credited on making democracy widely used aroundRead MoreDemocracy : A Perfect Democracy1398 Words   |  6 PagesDemocracy at its purest form is a system of government, which allows each and every citizen to participate actively and equally in the decisions being made. In a perfect democracy, the decisions made the government are perfect representations of what the people want. In reality, a perfect democracy is nearly impossible, especially when dealing with a population as large as the United States, but there are still techniq ues and systems that can be implemented into a society in which democracy can beRead MoreDemocracy Vs Democracy1193 Words   |  5 Pagesthat I think has created the most success for the government and its people is democracy. The definition of democracy is a â€Å"political system of mass participation, competitive elections, and human and civil rights (Roskin 88).† This is the clear definition of democracy, but there are many different forms for example there is a representative democracy and illiberal democracy. These follow the same guideline of democracy, but have there own individual definition. Unfortunately, there is no perfectRead MoreDemocracy And Its Effect On Democracy894 Words   |  4 PagesDemocracy in its most basic form is a type of governing system ruled by the citizens of a particular society. The first form of democracy can be found in ancient Greece, and the modern form of Democracy was established in part by the French revolution because it brought bac k the idea of rule by the people. Although, for most of history democracy was not viewed in a positive light. According to Mintz, Close, and Croci many people feared democracy because they thought the masses would not act withRead MoreDemocracy And Its Effect On Democracy Essay2111 Words   |  9 PagesOver the past quarter-century, democracy has stood at the center of political debate in many countries and it is a constant concern of the political and social sciences. Since its origins in ancient Greece, democracy was seen as a form of government where power was exercised by the people, that is, where political decisions were made by the majority. Today, democracy enjoys great recognition, but it is important to bear in mind that where democracy is now the preferred constitution, we can not forgetRead MoreDemocracy And Its Lack Of Democracy2099 Words   |  9 Pagesoligarchy, democracy, and tyranny. Most shocking critique throughout the discussion is about democracy and its ineff ectiveness to rule. Plato’s disagreement of democracy does not involve of what we are acquainted with today, but rather the idea of democracy. Plato explores the central strain of the government that is acknowledged with liberty and fairness. Also, this form of government known for its embracement of freedom and equality. Plato’s description and disagreement about democracy is correctRead MoreDemocracy843 Words   |  4 PagesDemocracy Essay 1 Democracy is a means for the people to choose their leaders and to hold their leaders accountable for their policies and their conduct in office. The key role of citizens in a democracy is to participate in public life. Democracy is also a system of rule by laws, not by individuals. Democracy is not a government. It is a way of thinking and a responsibility

Cuba’s Environmental Problems Free Essays

string(84) " scale and bring the advantages of mechanization and modern scientific agriculture\." When socialism was introduced to Cuba, the idea was that it would be more eco-friendly than capitalism. Instead, the Revolution to quickly controlled two major factors that eventually led to environmental problems in developing countries: population growth and poverty. Contributing to the issue of poverty in Cuba are the financial, economic and commercial blockades imposed by the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Cuba’s Environmental Problems or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to preserve the environment in Cuba and combat these issues, serious action was necessary. The amount of environmental damage falls into two categories: a) small-scale environmental destruction committed by individuals through illegal hunting, deforestation, dumping of waste into aquatic ecosystems, etc. ; or b) large-scale environmental destruction resulting from major projects and industries approved by governmental agencies and owned by international companies, like hotel chains and mining companies after the Special Period, and agriculture before the Special Period†. [1] The opportunity for Cuba to protect its environment came after the fall of the Soviet Union and the strengthening of the US blockade in 1990. This period, referred to as the Special Period (1990-2000), witnessed a decrease in many environmentally damaging activities both by choice and by necessity, but also resulted in many decisions to resuscitate the Cuban economy. After the Earth Summit in 1992, following Fidel Castro’s speech regarding the condition of the environment on a global scale, Cuba designed and implemented a variety of programs, administrative structures, and public awareness activities to promote sound environmental management and sustainable development. What is most important is the damage that ahs already been done and the efforts to reverse these conditions. Currently, there are many efforts to bring the Cuban environment to a sustainable level. When the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe ended trade and financial relationships with Cuba, the island was forced to make severe adjustments. The emergency measures implemented by the Cuban government aimed at preventing the total economic collapse of the regime, have been referred to by the leadership as the â€Å"special period in peacetime. † This Special Period brought about â€Å"the creation of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA) in 1994 [which] provided an important impetus for environmental policy and management on a national scale. †[2] In 1995 the National Environmental Strategy (EAN) was designed, but was not approved by the government until 1997. Since then the EAN â€Å"is the guiding document of Cuban environmental policy, establishing the principles upon which the national environmental efforts are based. †[3] The strategy identifies the main environmental issues in Cuba and proposes ideas and various methods to prevent, solve or minimize these problems. The strategy goals are to improve environmental protection and the use of natural resources in an attempt to meet sustainable social and economic development objectives. Evaluations of Cuba’s environmental record in comparison with Eastern European records shows â€Å"that environmental deterioration in Cuba over more than three decades of socialist rule responded to specific conditions not usually found in developing countries†¦ but were present in the former Soviet Union and the former Eastern European socialist countries. [4] As a result of this, Kirwin Shaffer states that: Consequently, central planning ignored local environmental concerns. Also, the absence of private ownership and the lack of citizen input in decision making meant that all decisions affecting the local level were made with regard to how they fit with the overall national plan. Results and impacts at the local level were secondary. Which leads to these conclusions: Cuban agricultural and industrial development following the Soviet models have had similar consequences for water, soil and air pollution as found in Europe. 5] The current Cuban stance that attempts to blame the USSR for these effects in Cuba benefits Cuba’s political system because it takes the blame away from the state, but it is not served by the historical record. The glorified â€Å"greening† of Cuba during the 1990s has beneficial impacts over the short term, but, according to Diaz-Briquets and Perez-Lopez, economic costs and turns toward a development model based on tourism may soon erode those short-term gains. Cuba’s pollution and contamination problems are widespread, and not completely the result of Soviet-style development projects. Yet, there is no doubt that many of the current environmental problems in Cuba result mainly from sovietization of the Cuban economy. Soil erosion and soil degradation are the main problems in agriculture. These problems started primarily due to the intensification of mechanized agriculture and the use of petrochemical herbicides and pesticides. [6] Agriculture is just one of the many environmental issues the island faces. In terms of the land, â€Å"the harm caused by permanent crops to these lands is primarily due to a lack of crop rotation causing soil depletion, poor agro-technical management and insufficient fertility measures. †[7] In 1970 La zafra de los diez millones, took place, in which the Cuban government attempted to break all historic sugar production records by producing a ten million ton sugar harvest. [8] The government fell short of their goal by two tons, but by this point the damage was already done. Because crops take so much nutrients from the land, farmers alternate crops each year to allow the land to recover. During la zafra de los diez millones crops were not alternated which took a heavy toll on the land. In Cuba, poorly designed and implemented agricultural development policies have been a major contributor to the degradation of the country’s soils: Soil degradation continued apace with the agricultural practices that came to prevail in Cuba during the first half of the twentieth century as more and more virgin islands were brought under sugarcane and livestock production. There is mounting evidence that the pace of soil deterioration intensified during the second half of the century, principally because of the widespread adoption of modern agricultural practices, particularly from the 1960s to the late 1980s. As in the Soviet Union and other socialist economies, the collectivization of the rural sector was regarded as necessary for achieving the goals of a centrally planned command economy. Collectivization would make possible economies of scale and bring the advantages of mechanization and modern scientific agriculture. You read "Cuba’s Environmental Problems" in category "Papers" 9] After the collectivization of land agrarian reforms were implemented to return the land to the state and to its’ citizens. But this shift in land ownership could have major environmental implications, especially after the fall of the Soviet Union. After the Soviets left Cuba, Cuban farming suffered a shortage of imported agricultural goods; leaving Cuban farmers to use traditional farming practices and some more modern techniques (such as rip irrigation) that are more environmentally friendly: The post-Soviet agricultural model is less dependent on imported agricultural practices that had been abandoned for their alleged backwardness: the large-scale use of beasts of burden, increased reliance on organic fertilizers and biological pest controls, the abandonment of marginal soils that had been brought under cultivation and made productive only by the intensive use of agricultural inputs, and a shift of urban labor to the countryside. [10] According to Diaz-Briquets and Perez-Lopez, more important than this change in agricultural practices, is that transferring the control of lands to farmers who are closely tied it, â€Å"and whose economic well-being will depend on the stewardship of the natural resource base, there is the expectation that the trend of soil deterioration†¦. may at least be slowed down†¦. [but] it is too early tell how successful the new agricultural policies will be. †[11] At this point, many of Cuba’s natural resources are in danger of extinction. Because Cuba has exported sugarcane as its main commodity, sugarcane has replaced natural flora and fauna. There was a time before 1959 when over 30 different kinds of bananas grew on the island, but most of the banana trees have been replaced by sugarcane. Cuba’s crops and animals have been affected by pests and diseases introduced from abroad; coastal pollution and excessive hunting also present severe threats to wildlife populations. [12] Water aquifers have been contaminated by pollutants (and saltwater on the coasts) and their levels are declining due to nearly unrestricted use. Similarly, waterflows reaching the coasts are also highly contaminated, which constantly hurts coral reefs and breeding grounds. Dam and reservoir construction has hurt coastal lagoons and mangroves: Cuba’s fresh water system (rivers/lakes/aquifers) has very serious problems. Under Castro’s policy of voluntad hidraulica, which called for not a single drop of fresh water to â€Å"be lost† to the ocean, the government has built over 1,000 large and small dams throughout the entire island, covering 1. 4% of Cuba’s territory. Although the benefits to Cuban agriculture are clear in terms of increased irrigated land (close to 1 million hectares), the ecological effect has been quite negative in terms of lowering the water’s oxygen level and increasing salinity. Dams have also blocked the dispersal of sediment and fresh water runoff over mangrove areas, contributing to a 30% average reduction of mangrove coverage and biodiversity loss[13] In fact, â€Å"the bays of Cuba are some of the most polluted in the world. Industrial, agricultural and human discharges into the sea, as well as deforestation for strip mining, have contributed to the pollution. [14] Water diversion to reservoirs is linked to the â€Å"virtual destruction of the oyster bed and major decline in the fish catch in the Casilda coastal region of southern Santa Clara Province. †[15] These factors, along with the excessive use of aquifer waters and wells used for sugar and citrus irrigation are contributing to the salinization of the water in Cuba. â€Å"Extensive water logging of coastal aquifers has lead to salinization and soil erosion. It has been estimated in 1991 that 600,000 ha have light to modest salinization levels, while the remainder show high levels of salinization. [16] The main source of water pollution lies in the industrial facilities, warehouses, and workshops and service entities located around the bay. Fifty-three industrial facilities are located in the immediate proximity of the bay, and another 84 industries produce waste that indirectly discharges into the bay through tributary streams. [17] These industrial areas include the port and the nickel industries that add to the contamination of the water supply. The port activity itself is also one of the major sources of contamination for the bay. It is estimated that the ships served in the port generate 150,000 tons of refuse per year. 18] Deforestation is also a factor contributing to the poor state of Cuba’s environment. Forests have not suffered nearly as much as the land, with conservation efforts bringing Cuba’s forests back to their 1945 levels, but conservation of forests has not meant saving all woodlands. One of the main problems environmentalists have with deforestation in Cuba is the fact that many of the available estimates regarding how much of the original forest cover remained before the revolution are based on rough figures made by observers with no credible statistical information. According to Eudel Eduardo Cepero: The irrational use of forests has become common practice under the Castro regime. As no current data are available on the actual total area of cover forest, the value of Cuba’s forest resources is unknown. Most of the remaining natural forests are in poor condition from being overexploited. An average of 200 forest fires occur each year, affecting some 5,000 hectares of forest. Reforestation has been precarious, due to poor quality seeds, a low survival rate of plantings, and a narrow range of forest species utilized. 19] The National Environmental Strategy offers statistics to support Cepero’s claims by offering statistical information, but not listing sources to verify its facts; it also states that the forests in Cuba have grown over the last few years, but that there is still much work to be done with regards to improving the forest cover in Cuba: Although the forest cover has increased constantly in the recent years – in th e last 43 years increasing to a total coverage of 2, 696, 587. 9 hectares, bringing us to a forested index of 24. 54% in 2005 – after-effects still persist from years of irrational exploitation of Cuban forests which practically eradicated our most valuable woodland resources†¦. Problems persist with the quality of most native forests as a consequence of prior mismanagement and exploitation – particularly in the most important watersheds. Problems also exist in the nation’s seedbed sources, which do not meet productivity or quality expectations. In addition, a lack of updated forest management plans, insufficient silviculture of forested areas, and insufficiencies and deficiencies in management plans continue to present challenges[20] The EAN suggests that more work be done to investigate invasive plant species that re threatening the native plants. It says that the survival rate of tree plantations and the success rate of trees growing to full maturity have improved over the last few years, but that the numbers are still substantially low when compared to the anticipated numbers. Also, the range of forest species used in â€Å"forestry activities† has been inadequate. Also suffering from the effects of sovietization and the special period is the biological diversity of the island. â€Å"A substantial, unquantified loss of biodiversity exists, due, among other reasons, to improper management of certain ecosystems, the application of intensive farming, the marketing of endangered species, as well as conditions making it easy for important genetic resources to leave the countryâ€Å". 21] Coral reefs, mangroves, the original forest (which used to cover most of the island) and rainforests are ecosystems that are suffering in Cuba. According to the EAN, the leading causes of this loss of biodiversity are: [1] Changes, fragmentation, or destruction of habitat/ecosystems/landscapes due primarily to changes in land use and inadequate practices employed in fishing, harvest, and agricultural soil preparation, among others. Overexploitation of resources, for example fishing and forestry resources. [3] Degradation and contamination of soils, water, and the atmosphere. 4] Introduction of exotic invasive species that displace or affect the functioning of ecosystems and native species. [5]Insufficient regulatory and control mechanisms to prevent and punish illegal activities, including unlawful hunting and fishing, trade in threatened species and other natural resources. [6]Climate change and the resulting intensification of dry periods, the incidence of torrential rains, temperature increase, sea level rise, in addition to the intensity and frequency of extreme natural disasters such as hurricanes. [7] Forest fires. [22] The EAN lists the goals it wishes to achieve and the necessary steps that should be taken in order to achieve these goals. Among these goals are increasing the amount of forest coverage to 26. 7% of national territory; have one million hectares of forest maintained by the National System of Criterion and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management; complete National Forestry Planning in 2007; reduce amount of lands affected by forest fires; 69% of forest cover used as a buffer to protect coastal areas, soils, water and conservation forests; management program for invasive plant species. 23] Before the Special Period much of the air pollution in Cuba was the result of its’ dependence on Soviet and Eastern European vehicles and factories that were contaminating the air: Urban pollution, could be partly traced to Cuba’s extreme reliance on inefficient and highly contaminating Soviet and Eastern European-built vehicles and factories. In the agricultural sector, a practice that resulted in much environmental damage was the promotion of Sovietstyle, large-scale state farm production model based on widespread mechanization, heavy chemical inputs (e. . , fertilizers and herbicides), and extensive irrigation[24] Air pollution in Cuba has increased significantly in the years since the Soviets left the island. â€Å" The absence of mitigation measures for emissions, inadequate control measures on the levels of noise generated by different activities, scarce information about the harmful effects on health and social behavior, the poor technical state of transport, and a lack of standards for emissions are also present. [25] There are few environmental reports available to the public that are based on analytical information that is collected systematically in the field and processed in laboratories. Cuban scientists state that: The two main sources of sulfuric gases within the city limits are the old thermal power plants of Tallapiedra in the Old Havana neighborhood and the Antonio Maceo plant in Regla, across the Bay of Havana. In both of these neighborhoods they recorded the highest level of environmental pollution, measuring up to 7. milligrams of sulfides per square decimeter per day at the Tallapiedra Power Plant†¦. Three secondary sources in the metallurgic, chemical and construction ind ustries were also associated with air pollution, all of them located in the environs of Havana Bay. [26] The Ministry of Public Health, better endowed for this purpose than other branches of government, has produced or published few precise documents dealing with health conditions and environmental degradation. Sulfur oxides, undesirable residues of combustion that are produced mostly in power plants when sulfur-rich fuels are burned, create respiratory problems and cause acid rain. Cuba replaced part of the vanished Soviet fuel imports of the late 1980s with domestic crude containing roughly six percent sulfur. It is used mostly in power plants and to run cement factories. [27] Diaz-Briquets and Perez-Lopez point out that the means of transportation in Cuba are getting old and, due to poor maintenance and inadequate resources to obtain parts, they are polluting and becoming harmful to the environment. Their conclusion is that â€Å"As long as the economic crisis continues, Cuba will not be able to modernize its fleet of cars, trucks, and buses (other than for those few vehicles serving the tourist industry)†. [28] If the Cuban government would allow media to spread environmental education to the citizens of Cuba and to the rest of the world, not only would it help efforts within Cuba to protect and improve the environment but it would also help efforts to improve the environment on a global level. The strategy points out that Article 27 of the Constitution of the Republic says: The state protects the nation’s environment and natural resources and recognizes their close relationship with sustainable economic and social development to make human life more rational and to ensure the survival, well being and security of present and future generations. It is the responsibility of proper governmental agencies to apply this policy. It is the duty of the citizens to contribute to the protection of the water, atmosphere, and the conservation of soil, wild flora and fauna and all the rich potential of nature. [29] Since Cuba has declared a national sovereignty over its natural resources and is actively working to restore and protect them, the state must also exercise rights over the country’s environment and resources. Similarly, Cuba must develop a national tendency towards â€Å"integrated natural resource management, commercial environmental management, and urban environmental management as fundamental traits of Cuban environmental management. †[30] The current embargo the United States has placed on Cuba keeps the island from growing economically. Which means that , since the economy is not changing or being stimulated, the people of Cuba are suffering. Meaning, because man poor, urban people cannot afford daily necessities, they resort to alternate ways to get everyday goods; even if it means depleting the natural resources. With the current government in Cuba and the restrictions caused by the embargo, it is hard to think that the Cuban environment will improve much in the next decade or two; but the National Environmental Strategy offers hope to the idea that Cuba’s environment will improve. The â€Å"National Environment Strategy 2007-2010† is dedicated to improving the environmental conditions of Cuba and finding a way to meet sustainable social and economic development goals. The eradication of extreme poverty is an achievement rooted in the very foundations of the revolutionary process. Achieving this is essential to the pursuit of environmental sustainability, first and foremost because extreme poverty cannot coexist with a healthy environment. The solution to this challenge is one of the principal achievements that Cuba can effectively show to the world. 31] The future of environmental reforms in Cuba will be influenced by a variety of cultural, economic, social, and political factors. Ultimate success or failure, however, will likely depend more on thorough laws, money, human capital, public involvement in environmental decision making, use of incentive-based tools, and international support. Strong environmental laws are a necessary foundation for sustaina ble development, but success will only occur with the continuing political will to implement and enforce them. How to cite Cuba’s Environmental Problems, Papers

Continue to remind society Essay Example For Students

Continue to remind society Essay According to Linden Lewis, the work on masculinity in the Caribbean is underdeveloped but what emerges from the literature is a characterization of men and masculinity which views the Caribbean male as powerful, exceedingly promiscuous, derelict in his parental responsibilities, absent from the household and when present fails to take any responsibility for domestic chores. The Caribbean male also comes across in this literature as possessing a propensity for female battering and a demonstrated valorization of alcohol and drug consumption. While this might be true for some Caribbean men, it is obviously not true for all. The Caribbean male is also defined in terms of the distinction between hegemonic masculinity and other subordinated forms of masculinity. Hegemonic masculinity refers to the practices of a particular representation of men and manliness. It refers to an orientation which is heterosexual and decidedly homophobic. It prides itself on its capacity for sexual conquest and ridicules those men who define their sexuality in different terms. Hegemonic masculinity often embraces certain misogynist tendencies in which women are considered inferior and violence against them is encouraged and condoned. Due to this perception, women who are stallions and can wuk. Departure from this form of masculinity could result in a questioning of ones manhood. As a result, hegemonic masculinity contains a high level of hostility directed toward homosexuality and to a lesser extent to men who perform oral sex. Homosexuality is seen as a phenomenon that undermines and fundamentally contradicts hegemonic masculinity and which brings much derision and wrath upon persons who engage in its practice. Men who perform oral sex are portrayed as unable to handle the wuk so he ejaculates prematurely. This characterization of the Caribbean male is located in several dancehall songs. Beenie Mans Ole Dawg Like We likens men to dogs and as such, it is expected of them to have more than one woman:  However, regardless of these two ladies performances, many critics like Norman Stolzoff, Coopers claim and brand dancehall as a medium that represents women as sexual objects and whatever power they gain in terms of their full-bodied sexuality is still to please men. Dancehall continues to perpetuate the image of man as dominant and controlling and women as their subjects. Also, these female performers could just be an example of women who even though they are challenging the male gaze in society is merely constructing their reality through the lens of the said male gaze where women are appreciated for their ass-ets and are not treated fairly. If these women want to effectively challenge their inherent subordinate role in society, it is necessary for them to develop a genuinely female gaze that represents them as human beings that can do any task just as well as a man can and not just reinterpret the male gaze. It is their responsibility to offer society a new definition of themselves that doesnt limit their opportunities as a mere consequence of their sex. It is important to note however that not all dancehall artistes take pleasure in degrading women. An emerging generation of young Jamaican artistes are subverting the dancehall scene and improving its prospects for international acceptance by taking the music back to its roots in reggae. This new breed is led by singers and songwriters such as Luciano, Sizzla, Capleton, Richie Stephens Warrior King and Tony Rebel. These artistes are on a mission to uplift women. In responding to the lewd nature of dancehall music, Tony Rebel said I think it has to do with how they were socialized, from the days of the Bible, the concept is that sin came into being because of the woman and apart from that most artisites do it because they get a good response from it. .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 , .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .postImageUrl , .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 , .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499:hover , .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499:visited , .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499:active { border:0!important; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499:active , .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499 .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf61521e48229cbae9e1a39ae5aa3d499:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Juvenile Delinquency And Society EssayIn his song, Virtuous Woman, Warrior King says a good woman is essential to a mans purpose and his missions, a good woman is a glory to her man, she will never take his power, she will just make him a better man. He was further quoted in an article as saying I love and honour the woman dem, nuh matter what race, class, creed or religion. I am sick and tired of men blaming the women for the wrongs of creation. Capleton refers to the Black Woman as the Mother of the Earth and often warns Never yuh dis Mother Earth, bwoy wise. Whereas Caribbean men are often times perceived as derelict in their responsibility to their families, Sizzla in his song Black Woman and Child contradicts this perception: For you I really have so much love  Dollar bills and coins will fade away,  They could never make I so proud  Queen Ifrica, a female artiste managed by Tony Rebel says she is frustrated with those that continue to disrespect but she is more disappointed with those females that condone this behaviour. She says Jamaica is a society where men consider themselves to be the head, so they feel they can do as they please with no consequences. And I think that women who condone it have low self-esteem, also if someone is to address the issue, these women would be the first one to bash you. Brenda Hamilton, a female manager in the male dominated business responsible for Baby Cham, said she is not at all impressed with artistes that disrespect women in their lyrics. The ones who do it are not respectful to their mothers, sisters or any other female family member as a matter (sic), if they had any respect at all, they would not think about doing it. Doctor Dread of RAS Records in his response to dancehall songs emphatically declared we are now tired of being passive observers. It is time to declare that slackness is done!. Again, Richie Stephens, in an interview with the Gleaner, said Women to me are like flowers, they help to beautify the world. Its very simple. A woman plays a very important role in a mans life, when a woman is around there is so much beauty. Its not hard to compliment the ladies.  Although these views contain some element of the traditional subordinate way in how women are represented, they tend to be kinder to women and recognize them as human beings with a voice, who are also valuable and not worth the degradation. This recognition can serve as a starting point for women to continue to break the conceptions of how they are normally viewed in society. CONCLUSION The derogatory lyrics about women in the dancehall seem to stem from those dancehall artistes trying to be hardcore. This leads dancehall to be seen as just another form wherein men try to protect their manliness and power in society. Through the denigration and degradation of women, DJs exert their power and emphasize the importance of males as dominant. Through the DJs hostility towards homosexuality, he is protecting what he values most, his sexuality. As much as society is tending towards greater equality between men and women, this is slow to becoming a reality in the dancehall. Women are still portrayed as sex objects worthy of slander and violence. This violence is even taken top the act of lovemaking where these DJs promote rough and wicked sex that will privilege the women with a near death experience. On the other hand, the fact that these women are scantily clad and openly display their sexuality could be a form of freedom or release for them. The degradation of women, however, does not go unchallenged as artistes who have become frustrated with the unequal treatment given to women, have risen up with counter lyrics that praise and honour women instead. Although these lyrics are sometimes a reflection womens subordinate state, it is an open door through which Caribbean women can continue to remind society of their existence independent of an attachment to a men. .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e , .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .postImageUrl , .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e , .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e:hover , .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e:visited , .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e:active { border:0!important; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e:active , .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9cb8cde4cb026a36e9087c05f292452e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In Todays World There Are Many Moral Issues That Take Place In Society EssayDancehall is often seen as a culture whose expression doesnt emit positive messages in society but one should not take it at face value. Rooted in dancehall is the expression of a subordinate or forgotten people that use dancehall lyrics as a medium for expressing their frustration at a system that they believe is built to preclude them. This is demonstrated in Bounti Killas rendition of Poor People Fed Up:  Poor people fed up  Cause the system sheg up  In this way, gender and class share a similar relationship. The persons at the lower class are discriminated against because of their social status and as such are not given fair and equal treatment in society. In terms of gender, because women are the lesser sex, they are not given fair and equal treatment either. Therefore, dancehall tends to reflect the mood of the disadvantaged. As far as expressions of masculinity and feminity in the dancehall are concerned, men are still dominant and women are inferior but this is changing. Women have entered the dancehall arena as performers but they need to emancipate themselves from the shackle of the male gazer and create an original female gaze. Other male artistes are now defending the rights of women as human being and worthy of respect. However, it will take a more concerted effort by our women to bring about change. This involves women who perform, women who are in administrative positions and women who listen to these songs. This is something that affects us and if we want to bring about change then we have to consistently use every medium available to us to enhance our status in society.